{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4361987099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741","title":"RLCA: Reinforcement Learning Model Integrating Cognition and Affection for Empathetic Response Generation","display_name":"RLCA: Reinforcement Learning Model Integrating Cognition and Affection for Empathetic Response Generation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4361987099","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101801172","display_name":"Yun Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3803-1266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204291657","display_name":"Hosei University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx6dj65","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN","JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yun Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3803-1266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062536849","display_name":"Haoran Bian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8117-7075"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoran Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101356519","display_name":"Bozhen Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bozhen Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030643547","display_name":"Bingxu Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingxu Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115594564","display_name":"Cheng-Rong Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68986083","display_name":"Northwest Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gx3j908","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengrong Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68986083"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380067","display_name":"Bingtao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-3580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3133134087","display_name":"Lanzhou Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/03144pv92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingtao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3643-3580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3133134087"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005081022","display_name":"Runhe Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4366-0458"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204291657","display_name":"Hosei University","ror":"https://ror.org/00bx6dj65","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runhe Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5742-3766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204291657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101801172"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204291657","https://openalex.org/I68986083"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89911589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1158","last_page":"1168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9707000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.926800012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13283","display_name":"Mental Health Research Topics","score":0.9258999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affection","display_name":"Affection","score":0.8578622341156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7136355042457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.6788488030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement","display_name":"Reinforcement","score":0.6662245392799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.4956549406051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4877953827381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.41531679034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.40646204352378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.33556345105171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.24343881011009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.1946609616279602}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780595226","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124198","display_name":"Affection","level":2,"score":0.8578622341156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7136355042457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6788488030433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.6662245392799377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4956549406051636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4877953827381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.41531679034233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.40646204352378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33556345105171204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.24343881011009216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.1946609616279602}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3258741","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1000949959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"8226070356","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4831907986","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61962034","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5183871229","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20JR10RA076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325927","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6708208144","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202008620008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7210416468","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61862058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325927","display_name":"Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W1575023497","https://openalex.org/W1980083892","https://openalex.org/W2040467972","https://openalex.org/W2119717200","https://openalex.org/W2147093380","https://openalex.org/W2201475491","https://openalex.org/W2296712013","https://openalex.org/W2561529111","https://openalex.org/W2807873315","https://openalex.org/W2889969789","https://openalex.org/W2913218482","https://openalex.org/W2951583236","https://openalex.org/W2963167310","https://openalex.org/W2963206148","https://openalex.org/W2963903950","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W2970303069","https://openalex.org/W2997679291","https://openalex.org/W3003417734","https://openalex.org/W3015593963","https://openalex.org/W3034323190","https://openalex.org/W3098774588","https://openalex.org/W3104982372","https://openalex.org/W3105906861","https://openalex.org/W3116376974","https://openalex.org/W3116890199","https://openalex.org/W3154272574","https://openalex.org/W3162621071","https://openalex.org/W3173540771","https://openalex.org/W3174464510","https://openalex.org/W3176159246","https://openalex.org/W3177150552","https://openalex.org/W3184197775","https://openalex.org/W3195591280","https://openalex.org/W3200833038","https://openalex.org/W3213635351","https://openalex.org/W4220701811","https://openalex.org/W4225425545","https://openalex.org/W4225577454","https://openalex.org/W4226002520","https://openalex.org/W4239187549","https://openalex.org/W4283798957","https://openalex.org/W4284704254","https://openalex.org/W4285302840","https://openalex.org/W6685322675","https://openalex.org/W6687933624","https://openalex.org/W6696917769","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6745297980","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6761205521","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6802457009"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2349967704","https://openalex.org/W2360319045","https://openalex.org/W2331709457","https://openalex.org/W2389506875","https://openalex.org/W2807595252","https://openalex.org/W2081348319","https://openalex.org/W1974622901","https://openalex.org/W4248151009","https://openalex.org/W3127991229","https://openalex.org/W2074627502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Empathy":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,174],"crucial":[3],"field":[4],"of":[5,26,32,45,48,64,117,164,186],"social":[6],"science":[7],"research.":[8],"The":[9],"current":[10],"research":[11],"on":[12,108,173],"the":[13,27,36,46,49,53,57,62,70,82,95,99,109,114,118,122,127,145,149,152,158,162,179,182],"dialog":[14],"systems":[15],"with":[16],"empathy":[17,33],"has":[18],"two":[19],"main":[20],"limitations:":[21],"1)":[22],"less":[23],"adequate":[24],"integration":[25],"cognition":[28,75,86,153],"and":[29,38,42,76,87,139,154,189],"affection":[30,77,88,155],"aspects":[31,156],"for":[34,60],"enhancing":[35],"perceptual":[37,115],"emotional":[39,123,142],"expression":[40,93],"abilities":[41],"2)":[43],"lack":[44],"evaluation":[47],"generated":[50],"response":[51,101],"at":[52],"sentence":[54],"level":[55],"in":[56,94,167],"training":[58],"process":[59],"reducing":[61],"problem":[63,130],"exposure":[65,128],"bias.":[66],"Therefore,":[67],"we":[68],"proposed":[69,119,146],"reinforcement":[71],"learning":[72],"model":[73,79,159],"integrating":[74,85],"(RLCA)":[78],"that":[80,178],"utilizes":[81],"RL":[83],"framework":[84],"to":[89,112,144,160],"evoke":[90],"greater":[91],"empathetic":[92,196],"model.":[96,120,147],"In":[97],"particular,":[98],"cognitive":[100],"generator":[102],"can":[103,125],"reason":[104],"commonsense":[105],"information":[106],"based":[107],"user\u2019s":[110],"situation":[111],"improve":[113],"capabilities":[116],"Moreover,":[121],"regulator":[124],"mitigate":[126],"bias":[129],"by":[131],"distilling":[132],"multiple":[133],"emotion":[134],"signals":[135],"from":[136],"predicted":[137],"responses":[138],"imparting":[140],"higher":[141],"intelligence":[143],"Furthermore,":[148],"interaction":[150],"between":[151],"helps":[157],"learn":[161],"features":[163],"empathic":[165],"expressions":[166],"human":[168,190],"conversation.":[169],"Extensive":[170],"experimental":[171],"findings":[172],"benchmark":[175],"dataset":[176],"indicate":[177],"RLCA":[180],"outperforms":[181],"popular":[183],"baseline":[184],"models":[185],"automatic":[187],"metrics":[188],"evaluations":[191],"while":[192],"generating":[193],"more":[194],"interpretable":[195],"responses.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}