{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4323338311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502","title":"Detecting Offensive Language Based on Graph Attention Networks and Fusion Features","display_name":"Detecting Offensive Language Based on Graph Attention Networks and Fusion Features","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4323338311","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049744522","display_name":"Zhenxiong Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenxiong Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-6191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059891662","display_name":"Xingshu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-2617"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingshu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Cyber Science Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8705-2617","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering and the Cyber Science Research Institute, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101769227","display_name":"Haizhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-5906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haizhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1197-5906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042526900","display_name":"Rui Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3112-4861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017277245","display_name":"Zhou Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-1763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-1763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055078986","display_name":"Tiemai Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiemai Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile (Chengdu) Information and Telecommunication Technology Company Ltd., Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile (Chengdu) Information and Telecommunication Technology Company Ltd., Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057316351","display_name":"Wenyi Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-9587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenyi Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0308-9587","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9035,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87594775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"1493","last_page":"1505"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12262","display_name":"Hate Speech and Cyberbullying Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive","display_name":"Offensive","score":0.8928744792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7584447264671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5778653025627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4980170726776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/private-information-retrieval","display_name":"Private information retrieval","score":0.4472799301147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factor-graph","display_name":"Factor graph","score":0.44112277030944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4296303391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3567173480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2629891633987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.14542549848556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.0929034948348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08808726072311401}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176856949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676","display_name":"Offensive","level":2,"score":0.8928744792938232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7584447264671326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5778653025627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4980170726776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.4472799301147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159246509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428725","display_name":"Factor graph","level":3,"score":0.44112277030944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4296303391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3567173480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2629891633987427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.14542549848556519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0929034948348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08808726072311401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2023.3250502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G162864083","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19A2081","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2284285197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFC3303101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4026673427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFG0145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","funder_display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4230801548","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020SCUNG129","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","funder_display_name":"Sichuan University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4652147483","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202320","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6398364802","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u52a8\u6001\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u62d3\u6251\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5bf9\u7b49\u7f51\u7edc\u6d41\u5a92\u4f53\u7cfb\u7edf\u5185\u5bb9\u6c61\u67d3\u6269\u6563\u673a\u5236\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61802271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322922","display_name":"Department of Science and Technology of Sichuan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/04323m874"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322990","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":68,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1071251684","https://openalex.org/W1492737170","https://openalex.org/W1527758775","https://openalex.org/W1902237438","https://openalex.org/W2131681506","https://openalex.org/W2340954483","https://openalex.org/W2473555522","https://openalex.org/W2595653137","https://openalex.org/W2613977835","https://openalex.org/W2750747353","https://openalex.org/W2785615365","https://openalex.org/W2794557536","https://openalex.org/W2794585602","https://openalex.org/W2802973362","https://openalex.org/W2884561390","https://openalex.org/W2887782043","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2914721378","https://openalex.org/W2951665412","https://openalex.org/W2953553271","https://openalex.org/W2954479967","https://openalex.org/W2954858824","https://openalex.org/W2955290266","https://openalex.org/W2962756421","https://openalex.org/W2962977603","https://openalex.org/W2963362380","https://openalex.org/W2963481894","https://openalex.org/W2963838657","https://openalex.org/W2963943967","https://openalex.org/W2963992732","https://openalex.org/W2965373594","https://openalex.org/W3000571327","https://openalex.org/W3004666086","https://openalex.org/W3035685359","https://openalex.org/W3042856524","https://openalex.org/W3045081979","https://openalex.org/W3091586584","https://openalex.org/W3092571060","https://openalex.org/W3099768174","https://openalex.org/W3111622852","https://openalex.org/W3115879158","https://openalex.org/W3116641301","https://openalex.org/W3125511207","https://openalex.org/W3149611488","https://openalex.org/W3153120079","https://openalex.org/W3153755695","https://openalex.org/W3161463878","https://openalex.org/W3168175209","https://openalex.org/W3172755081","https://openalex.org/W3194975438","https://openalex.org/W3209255587","https://openalex.org/W3216001489","https://openalex.org/W4200030833","https://openalex.org/W4200196719","https://openalex.org/W4287887319","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6631943919","https://openalex.org/W6713380983","https://openalex.org/W6726873649","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6749879876","https://openalex.org/W6753467366","https://openalex.org/W6764175896","https://openalex.org/W6764482267","https://openalex.org/W6766673545","https://openalex.org/W6787179563","https://openalex.org/W6838815943","https://openalex.org/W7046404758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568520348","https://openalex.org/W3214407891","https://openalex.org/W3194113117","https://openalex.org/W4287020359","https://openalex.org/W3213194066","https://openalex.org/W268355439","https://openalex.org/W2967125893","https://openalex.org/W4385323698","https://openalex.org/W2385362579","https://openalex.org/W2380993274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,190],"pervasiveness":[1],"of":[2,36,47,69,87,163,188,201],"offensive":[3,24,70,137],"language":[4,25,71,138],"on":[5,12,113,128],"social":[6,63,79,101,110,120,202,219],"networks":[7,131],"has":[8],"caused":[9],"adverse":[10],"effects":[11],"society,":[13],"such":[14],"as":[15],"abusive":[16],"behavior":[17,117,209],"online.":[18],"It":[19],"is":[20,40,145,211],"urgent":[21],"to":[22,177],"detect":[23],"and":[26,38,100,119,133,152,172,204,206],"curb":[27],"its":[28],"spread.":[29],"In":[30,50,90],"the":[31,34,44,48,62,67,74,85,109,114,142,149,153,159,186,198,218],"popular":[32],"datasets,":[33],"distribution":[35],"users":[37,99],"tweets":[39],"imbalanced,":[41],"which":[42,82],"limits":[43],"generalization":[45],"ability":[46],"model.":[49],"addition,":[51],"existing":[52,75],"research":[53],"shows":[54],"that":[55,193],"methods":[56],"with":[57,78,98,185],"community":[58,105,143],"information":[59,118,144,200,210],"extracted":[60],"from":[61,158,167],"graphs":[64,80,111,203],"effectively":[65,196],"improve":[66],"performance":[68],"detection.":[72],"However,":[73],"models":[76],"deal":[77],"independently,":[81],"seriously":[83],"affects":[84],"effectiveness":[86],"detection":[88,139],"models.":[89],"this":[91],"article,":[92],"we":[93,107,123],"release":[94],"a":[95,125],"new":[96],"dataset":[97],"relationships.":[102,121],"To":[103],"encode":[104],"information,":[106],"construct":[108],"based":[112,127],"user":[115,207,215],"historical":[116,208],"Moreover,":[122],"propose":[124],"model":[126,195],"graph":[129],"attention":[130],"(GATs)":[132],"fusion":[134],"features":[135],"for":[136,214],"(GF-OLD).":[140],"Specifically,":[141],"directly":[146],"captured":[147],"by":[148],"GAT":[150],"module,":[151],"text":[154],"embeddings":[155],"are":[156,175],"taken":[157],"last":[160],"hidden":[161],"layer":[162],"bidirectional":[164],"encoder":[165],"representation":[166],"transformer":[168],"(BERT).":[169],"Attention":[170],"mechanisms":[171],"position":[173],"encoding":[174],"used":[176],"fuse":[178],"these":[179],"features.":[180],"Our":[181],"method":[182],"outperforms":[183],"baselines":[184],"F1-score":[187],"89.94%.":[189],"results":[191],"show":[192],"our":[194],"learns":[197],"potential":[199],"text,":[205],"more":[212],"suitable":[213],"attribute":[216],"in":[217],"graphs.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}