{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4313165857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802","title":"Blockchain-Based Two-Stage Federated Learning With Non-IID Data in IoMT System","display_name":"Blockchain-Based Two-Stage Federated Learning With Non-IID Data in IoMT System","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4313165857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072315579","display_name":"Zhuotao Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-6368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuotao Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-6368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063748382","display_name":"Qingkui Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-4955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingkui Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4984-4955","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042452580","display_name":"Weizheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weizheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5879-585X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041854978","display_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN","LB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thippa Reddy Gadekallu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0097-801X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Technology and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045817362","display_name":"Chunhua Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141591182","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunhua Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6461-9684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141591182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.2572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99672364,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"4","first_page":"1701","last_page":"1710"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13918","display_name":"Advanced Data and IoT Technologies","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.706632673740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6519510746002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stage","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","score":0.43913185596466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2537092864513397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.09161457419395447}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.706632673740387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6519510746002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.43913185596466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2537092864513397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.09161457419395447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3216802","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324016","display_name":"University of Aizu","ror":"https://ror.org/02pg0e883"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W2536325433","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2974429275","https://openalex.org/W2981733341","https://openalex.org/W2987317136","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W3009627224","https://openalex.org/W3012968339","https://openalex.org/W3033675321","https://openalex.org/W3034535887","https://openalex.org/W3045747588","https://openalex.org/W3091635927","https://openalex.org/W3113308842","https://openalex.org/W3130473649","https://openalex.org/W3159623990","https://openalex.org/W3163105316","https://openalex.org/W3172150605","https://openalex.org/W3172512519","https://openalex.org/W3173969732","https://openalex.org/W3174935259","https://openalex.org/W3189812816","https://openalex.org/W3196371845","https://openalex.org/W3200411696","https://openalex.org/W3206948995","https://openalex.org/W3208211303","https://openalex.org/W3213758553","https://openalex.org/W3215924452","https://openalex.org/W3216553726","https://openalex.org/W4200075429","https://openalex.org/W4200606065","https://openalex.org/W4210440467","https://openalex.org/W4210894459","https://openalex.org/W4210960727","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4213158269","https://openalex.org/W4214719528","https://openalex.org/W4214758645","https://openalex.org/W4220779061","https://openalex.org/W4220939518","https://openalex.org/W4225666560","https://openalex.org/W4225750189","https://openalex.org/W4225926344","https://openalex.org/W4226461837","https://openalex.org/W4247999480","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4283751495","https://openalex.org/W4285242894","https://openalex.org/W4285262491","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6771835857","https://openalex.org/W6774978782","https://openalex.org/W6779350450","https://openalex.org/W6799824255","https://openalex.org/W6803951002","https://openalex.org/W6804262214","https://openalex.org/W6808306342","https://openalex.org/W6810499464","https://openalex.org/W6810557937","https://openalex.org/W6839498002"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Internet":[1],"of":[2,13,66,69,72,79,114,161],"Medical":[3],"Things":[4],"(IoMT)":[5],"has":[6],"a":[7,85,97,106,126,144],"bright":[8],"future":[9],"with":[10],"the":[11,24,67,76,103,112,134,151,157],"development":[12],"smart":[14],"mobile":[15],"devices.":[16],"Information":[17],"technology":[18],"is":[19],"also":[20,142],"leading":[21],"changes":[22],"in":[23],"healthcare":[25],"industry.":[26],"IoMT":[27,63,93],"devices":[28,64,94],"can":[29,131],"detect":[30],"patient":[31,73],"signs":[32],"and":[33,37,48,75,159,174],"provide":[34],"treatment":[35],"guidance":[36],"even":[38],"instant":[39],"diagnoses":[40],"through":[41,164],"technologies,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"artificial":[45],"intelligence":[46],"(AI)":[47],"wireless":[49],"communication.":[50],"However,":[51],"conventional":[52],"centralized":[53],"machine":[54],"learning":[55,89],"approaches":[56],"are":[57],"often":[58],"difficult":[59],"to":[60,95,105,110,148],"apply":[61],"within":[62],"because":[65],"difficulty":[68],"large-scale":[70],"collection":[71],"data":[74,104],"potential":[77],"risk":[78],"privacy":[80],"breaches.":[81],"Therefore,":[82],"we":[83,124,155],"propose":[84],"blockchain-based":[86,127],"two-stage":[87],"federated":[88],"approach":[90],"that":[91,130],"allows":[92],"train":[96],"global":[98],"model":[99],"collaboratively":[100],"without":[101,137],"gathering":[102],"central":[107],"server.":[108],"Specifically,":[109],"address":[111],"problem":[113],"poor":[115],"training":[116],"performance":[117],"on":[118,167],"non-independent":[119],"identically":[120],"distributed":[121],"(non-IID)":[122],"data,":[123],"design":[125,143],"data-sharing":[128],"scheme":[129],"significantly":[132],"improve":[133,150],"model\u2019s":[135],"accuracy":[136],"threatening":[138],"user":[139],"privacy.":[140],"We":[141],"client":[145],"selection":[146],"mechanism":[147],"further":[149],"system\u2019s":[152],"efficiency.":[153],"Finally,":[154],"validate":[156],"feasibility":[158],"effectiveness":[160],"our":[162],"system":[163],"simulation":[165],"experiments":[166],"three":[168],"popular":[169],"datasets":[170],"(i.e.,":[171],"MNIST,":[172],"Fashion-MNIST,":[173],"CIFAR-10).":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":32},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}