{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210731344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659","title":"Offsetting Unequal Competition Through RL-Assisted Incentive Schemes","display_name":"Offsetting Unequal Competition Through RL-Assisted Incentive Schemes","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210731344","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021988849","display_name":"Paramita Koley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5601-4514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paramita Koley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005957014","display_name":"Aurghya Maiti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-0165"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aurghya Maiti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adobe Research, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adobe Research, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046910575","display_name":"Sourangshu Bhattacharya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-1881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourangshu Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073812421","display_name":"Niloy Ganguly","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3967-186X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Niloy Ganguly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021988849"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01179554,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"1","first_page":"285","last_page":"296"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11182","display_name":"Auction Theory and Applications","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10328","display_name":"Supply Chain and Inventory Management","score":0.98089998960495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.8375364542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6003654599189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5463231205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.48897063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/competition","display_name":"Competition (biology)","score":0.47068101167678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4568610191345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.34838855266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2919595241546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.24442270398139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23749685287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.181902676820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1108720600605011}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.8375364542007446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6003654599189758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5463231205940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.48897063732147217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47068101167678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4568610191345215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.34838855266571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2919595241546631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.24442270398139954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23749685287475586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.181902676820755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1108720600605011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2022.3140659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.46000000834465027,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320307102","display_name":"Intel Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W756630149","https://openalex.org/W1425075915","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1606732888","https://openalex.org/W2005834521","https://openalex.org/W2025730295","https://openalex.org/W2035161291","https://openalex.org/W2088897435","https://openalex.org/W2116666691","https://openalex.org/W2130301414","https://openalex.org/W2167476262","https://openalex.org/W2398193615","https://openalex.org/W2405827006","https://openalex.org/W2768629321","https://openalex.org/W2773444500","https://openalex.org/W2781726626","https://openalex.org/W2783096200","https://openalex.org/W2802309414","https://openalex.org/W2811310016","https://openalex.org/W2889169527","https://openalex.org/W2894976951","https://openalex.org/W2904609718","https://openalex.org/W2947526499","https://openalex.org/W2949200088","https://openalex.org/W2952465248","https://openalex.org/W2963864421","https://openalex.org/W2965749257","https://openalex.org/W2966371608","https://openalex.org/W2981553829","https://openalex.org/W2997502221","https://openalex.org/W3035141911","https://openalex.org/W3094349299","https://openalex.org/W3102162267","https://openalex.org/W3119304499","https://openalex.org/W3124026469","https://openalex.org/W3124188395","https://openalex.org/W3126073288","https://openalex.org/W3157066907","https://openalex.org/W3166318878","https://openalex.org/W3167041099","https://openalex.org/W3171833477","https://openalex.org/W3175089295","https://openalex.org/W3207531663","https://openalex.org/W4206259028","https://openalex.org/W4247726954","https://openalex.org/W4287758406","https://openalex.org/W4288594419","https://openalex.org/W4297789759","https://openalex.org/W4307054538","https://openalex.org/W6628065935","https://openalex.org/W6677834374","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6685757253","https://openalex.org/W6692396292","https://openalex.org/W6712489006","https://openalex.org/W6728551298","https://openalex.org/W6734134982","https://openalex.org/W6735698609","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6748983576","https://openalex.org/W6754779100","https://openalex.org/W6755069753","https://openalex.org/W6758763022","https://openalex.org/W6758846586","https://openalex.org/W6762779116","https://openalex.org/W6762973735","https://openalex.org/W6763290930","https://openalex.org/W6765646913","https://openalex.org/W6766781560","https://openalex.org/W6767089667","https://openalex.org/W6767151588","https://openalex.org/W6767327128","https://openalex.org/W6767474370","https://openalex.org/W6773690109","https://openalex.org/W6776675926","https://openalex.org/W6779101081","https://openalex.org/W6779279235","https://openalex.org/W6782512527","https://openalex.org/W6784046417","https://openalex.org/W6784121806","https://openalex.org/W6785517317","https://openalex.org/W6785817231","https://openalex.org/W6788159547","https://openalex.org/W6795139234","https://openalex.org/W6795539215","https://openalex.org/W6796664490"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2347416728","https://openalex.org/W2468219149","https://openalex.org/W2974100988","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2215702767","https://openalex.org/W4362501864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,229],"article":[1,211],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,23,92,101,115,120,127,133,135,139,145,158,164,181,192,203,223,226,247],"dynamics":[4],"of":[5,25,81,123,138,144,209,225],"competition":[6],"among":[7,100],"organizations":[8],"with":[9,51,78,84,202,238],"unequal":[10,52],"expertise.":[11],"Multiagent":[12],"reinforcement":[13],"learning":[14],"(MARL)":[15],"has":[16,212],"been":[17,213],"used":[18],"to":[19,30,170,184,214],"simulate":[20],"and":[21,49,95,172],"understand":[22],"impact":[24],"various":[26],"incentive":[27,112,155,218,235],"schemes":[28],"designed":[29],"offset":[31,175],"such":[32,63,118],"inequality.":[33],"We":[34,129],"design":[35],"Touch-Mark,":[36],"a":[37,64,68,85,188,216],"game":[38],"based":[39],"on":[40],"well-known":[41],"multiagent":[42],"particle":[43],"environment,":[44],"where":[45],"two":[46,227],"teams":[47,125],"(weak":[48],"strong)":[50],"but":[53],"changing":[54],"skill":[55],"levels":[56],"compete":[57],"against":[58],"each":[59,76],"other.":[60],"For":[61],"training":[62],"game,":[65],"we":[66,109,150,177],"propose":[67,110],"novel":[69],"controller-assisted":[70],"MARL":[71],"algorithm":[72],"C-MADDPG,":[73],"which":[74,242],"empowers":[75],"agent":[77],"an":[79,106,111,153,196,234,239],"ensemble":[80],"policies":[82],"along":[83],"supervised":[86],"controller":[87],"that":[88,119,131,152,168,191,220],"by":[89,232],"selectively":[90],"partitioning":[91],"sample":[93],"space":[94],"triggers":[96],"intelligent":[97],"role":[98],"division":[99],"teammates.":[102],"Using":[103],"C-MADDPG":[104],"as":[105,187],"underlying":[107],"framework,":[108],"scheme":[113,156,219,236],"for":[114,157],"weak":[116,140,159,193],"team":[117,141,160,169,194],"final":[121,136,207],"rewards":[122],"both":[124],"become":[126],"same.":[128],"find":[130],"despite":[132],"incentive,":[134],"reward":[137,224],"falls":[142],"short":[143],"strong":[146],"team.":[147,205],"On":[148],"inspecting,":[149],"realize":[151],"overall":[154],"does":[161],"not":[162],"incentivize":[163,180],"weaker":[165,182],"agents":[166],"within":[167],"learn":[171,185],"improve.":[173],"To":[174],"this,":[176],"now":[178],"specially":[179],"player":[183],"and,":[186],"result,":[189],"observe":[190],"beyond":[195],"initial":[197],"phase":[198],"performs":[199],"at":[200],"par":[201],"stronger":[204],"The":[206],"goal":[208],"this":[210],"formulate":[215],"dynamic":[217],"continuously":[221],"balances":[222],"teams.":[228],"is":[230],"achieved":[231],"devising":[233],"enriched":[237],"RL":[240],"agent,":[241],"takes":[243],"minimum":[244],"information":[245],"from":[246],"environment.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
