{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217075224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","title":"Dual Distance Center Loss: The Improved Center Loss That Can Run Without the Combination of Softmax Loss, an Application for Vehicle Re-Identification and Person Re-Identification","display_name":"Dual Distance Center Loss: The Improved Center Loss That Can Run Without the Combination of Softmax Loss, an Application for Vehicle Re-Identification and Person Re-Identification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217075224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","mag":"3217075224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004008265","display_name":"Zhijun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-4594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhijun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100359947","display_name":"Yong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9041-8440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068883308","display_name":"S. P. Raja","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raja Soosaimarian Peter Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033694378","display_name":"Guanghai Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1558-2694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29739308","display_name":"Guangxi Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02frt9q65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanghai Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29739308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017617923","display_name":"Jie Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9554-2379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Visual Object Detection and Recognition, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056642959","display_name":"Lilei Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-5494"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lilei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066183096","display_name":"Lian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0269-9962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006891422","display_name":"Xianjing Cheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091787","display_name":"Zunyi Normal College","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2pnp92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210091787"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianjing Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","Qianbei Information Technology Research Institute, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qianbei Information Technology Research Institute, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004008265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8646,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76202614,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"5","first_page":"1345","last_page":"1358"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.9091758728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.580746591091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.5326563715934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5026488304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5008647441864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4889763593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.477855384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypersphere","display_name":"Hypersphere","score":0.4580352306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36592918634414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.2334173321723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1391875445842743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.9091758728027344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.580746591091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.5326563715934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5026488304138184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5008647441864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4889763593673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.477855384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776562905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q306610","display_name":"Hypersphere","level":2,"score":0.4580352306365967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36592918634414673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2334173321723938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1391875445842743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3127561","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1898488731","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61876051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5967158181","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"qianjiaoheK-Yzi[2017]251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335952","funder_display_name":"Guizhou Education Department Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335952","display_name":"Guizhou Education Department Youth Science and Technology Talents Growth Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2067023690","https://openalex.org/W2096306138","https://openalex.org/W2096733369","https://openalex.org/W2138621090","https://openalex.org/W2157364932","https://openalex.org/W2467139031","https://openalex.org/W2470322391","https://openalex.org/W2519904008","https://openalex.org/W2520774990","https://openalex.org/W2606377603","https://openalex.org/W2737608545","https://openalex.org/W2800958090","https://openalex.org/W2908694412","https://openalex.org/W2912042463","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963200533","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963712289","https://openalex.org/W2963775347","https://openalex.org/W2965843888","https://openalex.org/W2965954913","https://openalex.org/W2966198677","https://openalex.org/W2967515867","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W3005396940","https://openalex.org/W3009180590","https://openalex.org/W3023306814","https://openalex.org/W3030509278","https://openalex.org/W3034202663","https://openalex.org/W3035364348","https://openalex.org/W3035693354","https://openalex.org/W3102714317","https://openalex.org/W3134449933","https://openalex.org/W3167095230","https://openalex.org/W3173909755","https://openalex.org/W3176150713","https://openalex.org/W3177155650","https://openalex.org/W3184856844","https://openalex.org/W3196056489","https://openalex.org/W6735013348","https://openalex.org/W6771297733"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099702253","https://openalex.org/W2810967842","https://openalex.org/W2970046029","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2609296554","https://openalex.org/W2969546590","https://openalex.org/W2982271778","https://openalex.org/W3095506574","https://openalex.org/W3190449293","https://openalex.org/W2117249708"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Center":[0],"loss":[1,16,34,48,60,91,180,249],"is":[2,26],"widely":[3,204,223],"used":[4,205,224],"as":[5],"a":[6,56,129,132,157,272],"supervision":[7],"tool":[8],"in":[9,92,134,197,206,225,250],"deep":[10],"learning":[11],"method.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,21,70,77,83,86,93,101,105,108,112,120,126,135,139,143,148,169,178,186,193,207,226,241,247,252,265],"center":[15,47,59,64,144,152,163,173,179],"also":[17,176,270],"has":[18,271],"some":[19],"shortcomings,":[20],"most":[22],"important":[23],"of":[24,46,52,72,107,119,128,142,151,172,188,195,201,209,228,240,246,267],"which":[25,115,202],"that":[27,245,256],"it":[28],"must":[29],"be":[30,97,123],"combined":[31],"with":[32,63],"softmax":[33,73,90,189,248],"to":[35,74,111,125],"run":[36,68,263],"well.":[37],"In":[38,79],"this":[39],"article,":[40],"we":[41,81,99,165],"sum":[42],"up":[43],"five":[44],"shortcomings":[45],"and":[49,89,131,146,215,218,234],"solve":[50],"all":[51,117,162,251],"them":[53],"by":[54,155],"proposing":[55],"dual":[57],"distance":[58,103,110,159],"(DDCL).":[61],"Compared":[62],"loss,":[65,145,174],"DDCL":[66,88,196,243],"can":[67,262],"without":[69,185,264],"combination":[71,187,266],"supervise":[75],"training":[76],"model.":[78],"addition,":[80],"verify":[82,192],"inconsistency":[84],"between":[85,161],"proposed":[87,242,258],"feature":[94,136],"space.":[95],"To":[96],"specifically,":[98],"add":[100],"Pearson":[102],"on":[104],"basis":[106],"Euclidean":[109,158],"same":[113,121],"center,":[114],"makes":[116],"features":[118],"class":[122],"confined":[124],"intersection":[127],"hypersphere":[130],"hypercone":[133],"space,":[137],"strengthens":[138],"intraclass":[140],"compactness":[141],"enhances":[147],"generalization":[149],"ability":[150],"loss.":[153,190],"Moreover,":[154],"designing":[156],"threshold":[160],"pairs,":[164],"not":[166,260],"only":[167,261],"strengthen":[168],"interclass":[170],"separability":[171],"but":[175,269],"make":[177],"(or":[181],"DDCL)":[182],"works":[183],"well":[184],"We":[191],"effectiveness":[194],"four":[198,253],"datasets,":[199,254],"two":[200,219],"are":[203,222],"field":[208,227],"vehicle":[210],"re-identification":[211,230],"named":[212,231],"VeRi-776":[213],"dataset":[214,233],"VehicleID":[216],"dataset,":[217],"other":[220],"datasets":[221],"person":[229],"Market1501":[232],"MSMT17":[235],"dataset.":[236],"The":[237],"experimental":[238],"results":[239],"exceed":[244],"indicating":[255],"our":[257],"method":[259],"softmax,":[268],"high":[273],"accuracy.":[274]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
