{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133324587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","title":"Predicting Stance Polarity and Intensity in Cyber Argumentation With Deep Bidirectional Transformers","display_name":"Predicting Stance Polarity and Intensity in Cyber Argumentation With Deep Bidirectional Transformers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133324587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","mag":"3133324587"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075465061","display_name":"Joseph Sirrianni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joseph W. Sirrianni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5818","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100320553","display_name":"Xiaoqing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4256-4771"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110378019","display_name":"Southern Illinois University Carbondale","ror":"https://ror.org/049kefs16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110378019","https://openalex.org/I2801502357"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoqing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110378019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079638873","display_name":"Douglas J. Adams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6090-0516"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78715868","display_name":"University of Arkansas at Fayetteville","ror":"https://ror.org/05jbt9m15","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Adams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Sociology and Criminology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78715868"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7743,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86940678,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"655","last_page":"667"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10664","display_name":"Sentiment Analysis and Opinion Mining","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9800999760627747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6699455976486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarity","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","score":0.6495695114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deliberation","display_name":"Deliberation","score":0.6384811401367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5504218935966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4351906478404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/argumentation-theory","display_name":"Argumentation theory","score":0.42131930589675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4047408699989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1355278491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.09054321050643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.08618265390396118}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6699455976486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777361361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1112585","display_name":"Polarity (international relations)","level":3,"score":0.6495695114135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358652","display_name":"Deliberation","level":3,"score":0.6384811401367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5504218935966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4351906478404999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65059942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270105","display_name":"Argumentation theory","level":2,"score":0.42131930589675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4047408699989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1355278491973877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.09054321050643921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.08618265390396118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1491633281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7868","display_name":"Cell","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2021.3056596","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W193524605","https://openalex.org/W1502046018","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1524936838","https://openalex.org/W1545302199","https://openalex.org/W1589554437","https://openalex.org/W1614298861","https://openalex.org/W1880262756","https://openalex.org/W2022204871","https://openalex.org/W2076547765","https://openalex.org/W2077063962","https://openalex.org/W2083686936","https://openalex.org/W2094909776","https://openalex.org/W2101455914","https://openalex.org/W2105106873","https://openalex.org/W2127804677","https://openalex.org/W2138260386","https://openalex.org/W2143398792","https://openalex.org/W2146340995","https://openalex.org/W2159981908","https://openalex.org/W2160660844","https://openalex.org/W2164855937","https://openalex.org/W2183010422","https://openalex.org/W2250397934","https://openalex.org/W2250730878","https://openalex.org/W2298384651","https://openalex.org/W2327805699","https://openalex.org/W2343649478","https://openalex.org/W2405758379","https://openalex.org/W2460159515","https://openalex.org/W2462365838","https://openalex.org/W2471324264","https://openalex.org/W2471505823","https://openalex.org/W2472276397","https://openalex.org/W2509222396","https://openalex.org/W2517045459","https://openalex.org/W2586423956","https://openalex.org/W2607700676","https://openalex.org/W2608912435","https://openalex.org/W2757268605","https://openalex.org/W2758621947","https://openalex.org/W2767329425","https://openalex.org/W2767459004","https://openalex.org/W2786918876","https://openalex.org/W2808554530","https://openalex.org/W2842153692","https://openalex.org/W2869686875","https://openalex.org/W2887804579","https://openalex.org/W2890542205","https://openalex.org/W2890924154","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2950782805","https://openalex.org/W2954441166","https://openalex.org/W2954444514","https://openalex.org/W2956123767","https://openalex.org/W2962767317","https://openalex.org/W2962948637","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963591087","https://openalex.org/W2963731617","https://openalex.org/W2963749490","https://openalex.org/W2963811339","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W2964230653","https://openalex.org/W2980282514","https://openalex.org/W2983785000","https://openalex.org/W2990303507","https://openalex.org/W3009757094","https://openalex.org/W3027304069","https://openalex.org/W4232387830","https://openalex.org/W4288298805","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6607799657","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6635364467","https://openalex.org/W6639619044","https://openalex.org/W6676070053","https://openalex.org/W6678985207","https://openalex.org/W6679822157","https://openalex.org/W6681699098","https://openalex.org/W6683602473","https://openalex.org/W6684283624","https://openalex.org/W6686147908","https://openalex.org/W6713666800","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6753014201","https://openalex.org/W6753084064","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6770213238"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141332034","https://openalex.org/W4256185029","https://openalex.org/W4388437769","https://openalex.org/W2762454042","https://openalex.org/W2337488240","https://openalex.org/W2064153856","https://openalex.org/W52290235","https://openalex.org/W3007362904","https://openalex.org/W4214900125","https://openalex.org/W1598849238"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,115],"online":[1,93],"deliberation,":[2],"participants":[3],"argue":[4],"in":[5,23,68,92,244],"support":[6],"or":[7],"opposition":[8],"to":[9,15,76,154,184,233],"one":[10,245],"another's":[11],"arguments":[12],"and":[13,28,65,82,112,130,144,161,164,178,188,222,242],"ideas":[14],"advocate":[16],"their":[17,20,24,156,192],"position.":[18],"Often":[19],"stance":[21,37,46,63,80,110,127,159,165,176,186,195,220,240],"expressed":[22],"posts":[25],"is":[26,230],"implicit":[27],"must":[29],"be":[30],"derived":[31],"from":[32,47,125],"the":[33,41,44,48,54,79,136,175,182,212,216,231,239],"post's":[34],"text.":[35],"Existing":[36],"detection":[38,128],"models":[39,129,148,183,199,218,235],"predict":[40,77,185],"polarity":[42,81,111,160,177,187,221,241],"of":[43,84,173],"user's":[45],"text,":[49],"but":[50],"do":[51],"not":[52],"consider":[53],"stance's":[55],"intensity.":[56],"We":[57,142],"introduce":[58],"a":[59,85,206],"new":[60],"research":[61],"problem,":[62],"polarity,":[64],"intensity":[66,83,113,162,179,189,223,243],"prediction":[67,163,224],"response":[69],"relationships":[70],"between":[71],"posts.":[72],"This":[73,228],"problem":[74],"seeks":[75],"both":[78,238],"replying":[86],"post":[87,91],"toward":[88],"its":[89],"parent":[90],"deliberation.":[94],"Using":[95],"our":[96,150,171],"cyber":[97],"argumentation":[98],"platform,":[99],"we":[100,118],"have":[101],"collected":[102],"an":[103],"empirical":[104,151],"data":[105,152],"set":[106,153],"with":[107],"explicitly":[108],"labeled":[109],"relationships.":[114],"this":[116],"work,":[117],"create":[119],"six":[120,147],"models:":[121],"five":[122],"are":[123],"adapted":[124],"top-performing":[126],"another":[131],"novel":[132,207],"model":[133,140,214],"that":[134,170,205],"fine-tunes":[135],"deep":[137],"bidirectional":[138],"transformer":[139],"BERT.":[141],"train":[143,234],"test":[145],"these":[146,198],"on":[149],"compare":[155],"performance":[157],"for":[158,194,210,219,236],"detection.":[166],"Our":[167,202],"results":[168,203],"demonstrate":[169],"method":[172],"encoding":[174],"labels":[180],"allows":[181],"without":[190],"compromising":[191],"accuracy":[193],"detection,":[196],"making":[197],"more":[200],"versatile.":[201],"reveal":[204],"split":[208],"architecture":[209],"fine-tuning":[211],"BERT":[213],"outperforms":[215],"other":[217],"by":[225],"5%":[226],"accuracy.":[227,251],"work":[229],"first":[232],"predicting":[237],"combined":[246],"task":[247],"while":[248],"maintaining":[249],"good":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}