{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2920873626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","title":"BEEF: Balanced English Explanations of Forecasts","display_name":"BEEF: Balanced English Explanations of Forecasts","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2920873626","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","mag":"2920873626"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/120054","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102962116","display_name":"Sachin Grover","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9938-6833"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sachin Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091798914","display_name":"Chiara Pulice","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5449-9044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chiara Pulice","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079109547","display_name":"Gerardo I. Simari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3185-4992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151201029","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqe8w59","country_code":"AR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151201029","https://openalex.org/I4210123736","https://openalex.org/I4387155568"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56858762","display_name":"Universidad Nacional del Sur","ror":"https://ror.org/028crwz56","country_code":"AR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56858762"]}],"countries":["AR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerardo I. Simari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute for Computer Science and Engineering (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bah\u00eda Blanca, Argentina"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Institute for Computer Science and Engineering (CONICET), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bah\u00eda Blanca, Argentina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56858762","https://openalex.org/I151201029"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038645035","display_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7191-0296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107672454","display_name":"Dartmouth College","ror":"https://ror.org/049s0rh22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. S. Subrahmanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107672454"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102962116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3117,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91044753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"2","first_page":"350","last_page":"364"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.6375384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5825566649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5794480443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5613375902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5258144736289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.5152738094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.479739785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4431930184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4287777841091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.11316561698913574}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.6375384330749512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5825566649436951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5794480443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5613375902175903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5258144736289978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.5152738094329834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.479739785194397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4431930184364319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4287777841091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.11316561698913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcss.2019.2902490","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2490693980","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","issn_l":"2329-924X","issn":["2329-924X","2373-7476"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/120054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/120054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401400","display_name":"Conicet","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104196","host_organization_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - Nordeste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ri.conicet.gov.ar:11336/120054","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11336/120054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401400","display_name":"Conicet","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210104196","host_organization_name":"Centro Cient\u00edfico Tecnol\u00f3gico - Nordeste","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104196"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1830332784","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141612918","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3793278390","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PIP 11220170100871CO","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321594","funder_display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4947068995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGI 24/N046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323402","funder_display_name":"Universidad Nacional del Sur"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4972489406","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N000141612739","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8104872798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PGI 24/ZN34","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323402","funder_display_name":"Universidad Nacional del Sur"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8749896930","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"690974","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","funder_display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321594","display_name":"Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas y T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/03cqe8w59"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323402","display_name":"Universidad Nacional del Sur","ror":"https://ror.org/028crwz56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334832","display_name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","ror":"https://ror.org/03stxzb56"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338337","display_name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W80704544","https://openalex.org/W812087556","https://openalex.org/W1673310716","https://openalex.org/W1697627979","https://openalex.org/W1972531982","https://openalex.org/W1974131786","https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2000412498","https://openalex.org/W2006522469","https://openalex.org/W2009369868","https://openalex.org/W2014226385","https://openalex.org/W2015992338","https://openalex.org/W2024505010","https://openalex.org/W2027929257","https://openalex.org/W2060910684","https://openalex.org/W2085988980","https://openalex.org/W2118022153","https://openalex.org/W2127218421","https://openalex.org/W2144614313","https://openalex.org/W2144989771","https://openalex.org/W2156821882","https://openalex.org/W2161667053","https://openalex.org/W2164500538","https://openalex.org/W2256159160","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2367397349","https://openalex.org/W2514078564","https://openalex.org/W3120740533","https://openalex.org/W3124792046","https://openalex.org/W6603295551","https://openalex.org/W6637131181","https://openalex.org/W6656333955","https://openalex.org/W6678914141","https://openalex.org/W6682811919"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012531322","https://openalex.org/W2402761219","https://openalex.org/W2785900585","https://openalex.org/W2353730437","https://openalex.org/W2490303674","https://openalex.org/W2609066826","https://openalex.org/W2810752900","https://openalex.org/W4226226396","https://openalex.org/W3153750606","https://openalex.org/W4308854837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"problem":[1,46,97],"of":[2,24,37,47,83,98,108,122],"understanding":[3],"the":[4,21,25,34,45,63,96,106],"reasons":[5],"behind":[6],"why":[7,62,70],"different":[8],"machine":[9],"learning":[10],"classifiers":[11],"make":[12],"specific":[13],"predictions":[14,53],"is":[15,101],"a":[16,109,137],"difficult":[17],"one,":[18],"mainly":[19],"because":[20],"inner":[22],"workings":[23],"algorithms":[26],"underlying":[27],"such":[28,88],"tools":[29],"are":[30],"not":[31,60],"amenable":[32],"to":[33],"direct":[35],"extraction":[36],"succinct":[38],"explanations.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"paper,":[42],"we":[43,103],"address":[44],"automatically":[48],"extracting":[49],"balanced":[50],"explanations":[51,89,100],"from":[52],"generated":[54],"by":[55,140],"any":[56],"classifier,":[57],"which":[58],"include":[59],"only":[61],"prediction":[64],"might":[65],"be":[66,73],"correct":[67],"but":[68],"also":[69],"it":[71,115],"could":[72],"wrong.":[74],"Our":[75],"framework,":[76],"called":[77],"<italic":[78],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Balanced":[80],"English":[81],"Explanations":[82],"Forecasts</i>":[84],",":[85],"can":[86],"generate":[87],"in":[90,120],"natural":[91],"language.":[92],"After":[93],"showing":[94,113],"that":[95,114],"generating":[99],"NP-complete,":[102],"focus":[104],"on":[105,136],"development":[107],"heuristic":[110],"algorithm,":[111],"empirically":[112],"produces":[116],"high-quality":[117],"results":[118],"both":[119],"terms":[121],"objective":[123],"measures\u2014with":[124],"statistically":[125],"significant":[126],"effects":[127],"shown":[128],"for":[129],"several":[130],"parameter":[131],"variations\u2014and":[132],"subjective":[133],"evaluations":[134],"based":[135],"survey":[138],"completed":[139],"100":[141],"anonymous":[142],"participants":[143],"recruited":[144],"via":[145],"Amazon":[146],"Mechanical":[147],"Turk.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
