{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131679448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302","title":"A 2.4-GHz \u2212247.7-dB Jitter-FoM Ring-VCO-Based Injection-Locked PLL With Triple-Point Injection and Injection Timing-Pulsewidth Calibration","display_name":"A 2.4-GHz \u2212247.7-dB Jitter-FoM Ring-VCO-Based Injection-Locked PLL With Triple-Point Injection and Injection Timing-Pulsewidth Calibration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131679448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126893945","display_name":"Zhen Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101859941","display_name":"Yuxiao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1513-3491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101272226","display_name":"Shize Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1990-0993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shize Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124144884","display_name":"Xing Quan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Quan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053524348","display_name":"Yuanyuan Cui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6723-7633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanyuan Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126882268","display_name":"Xiang Yi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610280","display_name":"South China University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0530pts50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047778456","display_name":"Xunying Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2242-9565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xunying Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126893945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57124307,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"4","first_page":"408","last_page":"412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.8902999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.8902999758720398,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.03970000147819519,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.021700000390410423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.7756999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"Injection locking","score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.4099000096321106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.7756999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.6815000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5878999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.57669997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5159000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.47049999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101476363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798800","display_name":"Injection locking","level":3,"score":0.4104999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.4099000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182862853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575887","display_name":"Pulse repetition frequency","level":3,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2026.3668302","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8006343245506287}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"introduces":[2],"an":[3,77,99,119],"injection-locked":[4],"phase-locked":[5],"loop":[6],"(ILPLL)":[7],"with":[8],"triple-point":[9,19],"injection":[10,13,20,31,34,55],"and":[11,43,57,63,89,117],"background":[12],"pulse":[14],"self-calibration":[15],"techniques.":[16],"The":[17,105],"proposed":[18,74,106],"scheme":[21],"effectively":[22],"eliminates":[23],"the":[24,73],"phase":[25],"shift":[26],"induced":[27],"by":[28,36],"conventional":[29],"direct":[30,38],"while":[32],"enhancing":[33],"strength":[35],"combining":[37],"injection,":[39,42,45],"cross-coupled":[40],"complementary":[41],"tail":[44],"thereby":[46],"achieving":[47],"low":[48,65],"jitter.":[49],"Furthermore,":[50],"concurrent":[51],"calibration":[52],"of":[53,80,86,95,102,122],"both":[54],"timing":[56],"pulsewidth":[58],"provides":[59],"further":[60],"jitter":[61,79],"suppression":[62],"ensures":[64],"spur.":[66],"Fabricated":[67],"in":[68],"a":[69,83,90,113],"28-nm":[70],"CMOS":[71],"process,":[72],"ILPLL":[75,107],"achieves":[76],"RMS":[78],"135":[81],"fs,":[82],"reference":[84],"spur":[85],"-70.9":[87],"dBc,":[88],"state-of-the-art":[91],"FoM<sub":[92],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[93,125],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">jitter</sub>":[94],"-247.7":[96],"dB":[97],"at":[98],"operating":[100],"frequency":[101],"2.4":[103],"GHz.":[104],"consumes":[108],"9.3":[109],"mW":[110],"power":[111],"from":[112],"0.9":[114],"V":[115],"supply":[116],"occupies":[118],"active":[120],"area":[121],"0.02":[123],"mm<sup":[124],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-28T06:11:35.319607","created_date":"2026-02-27T00:00:00"}
