{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124911098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221","title":"Paprica: A Pre-Synthesis Area Predictor for Baseband Circuit Auto-Generators","display_name":"Paprica: A Pre-Synthesis Area Predictor for Baseband Circuit Auto-Generators","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124911098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101573032","display_name":"Yunwei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6098-4089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunwei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1711-0305","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010656272","display_name":"Xiayu Ding","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiayu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123416130","display_name":"Changhan Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3196-8842","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036572182","display_name":"Weikang Qian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Qian","raw_affiliation_strings":["UM-SJTU JI and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5129-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UM-SJTU JI and the MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047666324","display_name":"You You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-733X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You You","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9584-733X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123412834","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS, the National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05432139,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"3","first_page":"283","last_page":"287"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.17499999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.17499999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11522","display_name":"VLSI and FPGA Design Techniques","score":0.16380000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.13899999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseband","display_name":"Baseband","score":0.9402999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line-code","display_name":"Line code","score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65165936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q575784","display_name":"Baseband","level":3,"score":0.9402999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85961473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457387","display_name":"Line code","level":4,"score":0.6039999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6017000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5825999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4334000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4146000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.3659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190560348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3245116","display_name":"Circuit design","level":2,"score":0.36410000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32659998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150217764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6803607","display_name":"Mean absolute percentage error","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.27090001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120793396","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173350","display_name":"Printed circuit board","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3641221","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.49571698904037476}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4015297937","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6516001917","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401642","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003276132","https://openalex.org/W3016889259","https://openalex.org/W4281621614","https://openalex.org/W4285294371","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4323022475","https://openalex.org/W4389166667","https://openalex.org/W4400230797","https://openalex.org/W4403390554","https://openalex.org/W4406311623","https://openalex.org/W4406311638","https://openalex.org/W4407757861","https://openalex.org/W4416564151"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Auto-generation":[0],"and":[1,50,75,83,98,109,128],"auto-optimization":[2],"for":[3,20,39],"baseband":[4,40,69],"circuits":[5,70],"have":[6],"significantly":[7],"enhanced":[8],"design":[9],"productivity.":[10],"Nevertheless,":[11],"existing":[12],"auto-optimizers":[13,53],"primarily":[14],"focus":[15],"on":[16],"optimizing":[17],"RTL":[18],"code":[19],"algorithm":[21],"performance,":[22],"neglecting":[23],"critical":[24],"hardware":[25,48],"constraints.":[26],"To":[27,60],"overcome":[28],"this":[29,31],"limitation,":[30],"paper":[32],"proposes":[33],"Paprica,":[34,62],"a":[35,89],"pre-synthesis":[36],"area":[37,56,66,86,119],"predictor":[38],"circuit":[41],"auto-generators.":[42],"Paprica":[43,113],"bridges":[44],"the":[45,65,115,137],"gap":[46],"between":[47],"parameters":[49],"area,":[51],"providing":[52],"with":[54,100],"accurate":[55],"predictions":[57],"in":[58,85,118],"milliseconds.":[59],"validate":[61],"we":[63],"estimate":[64],"of":[67,95,104],"three":[68,138],"(polar":[71],"encoder,":[72],"MIMO":[73],"detector,":[74],"polar":[76],"decoder).":[77],"Experimental":[78],"results":[79],"demonstrate":[80],"remarkable":[81],"accuracy":[82],"efficiency":[84],"prediction,":[87,120],"achieving":[88],"mean":[90],"absolute":[91],"percentage":[92],"error":[93],"(MAPE)":[94],"0.21%,":[96],"1.49%,":[97],"1.20%":[99],"average":[101,130],"end-to-end":[102,131],"runtimes":[103],"0.9":[105],"ms,":[106,108,111],"8.0":[107],"6.6":[110],"respectively.":[112],"outperforms":[114],"state-of-the-art":[116],"approach":[117],"reducing":[121],"MAPE":[122],"by":[123,133],"98.0%,":[124],"91.8%,":[125],"78.4%,":[126],"respectively,":[127],"decreasing":[129],"runtime":[132],"over":[134],"99%":[135],"across":[136],"circuits.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-14T07:44:22.658603","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}