{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7108222732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318","title":"A 24\u201330-GHz Small-Size High Isolation CMOS Common-Leg T/R Front-End IC With Variable-Gain Phase Shifter and Path Control Network","display_name":"A 24\u201330-GHz Small-Size High Isolation CMOS Common-Leg T/R Front-End IC With Variable-Gain Phase Shifter and Path Control Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7108222732","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haram Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3676-3325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haram Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3676-3325","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mingyu Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7639-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7639-2666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Subin Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7416-2039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Subin Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7416-2039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wonseob Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9088-0421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonseob Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9088-0421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Seungchan Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-9660"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seungchan Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9959-9660","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Songcheol Hong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-1565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Songcheol Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3675-1565","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jinseok Park","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-4112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111277659","display_name":"Chonnam National University","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzjxq56","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinseok Park","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7743-4112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intelligent Electronics and Computer Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111277659"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50345923,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"2","first_page":"148","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9452000260353088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.010200000368058681,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6416000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-gain-control","display_name":"Automatic gain control","score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insertion-loss","display_name":"Insertion loss","score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrated-circuit","display_name":"Integrated circuit","score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.33149999380111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.6664000153541565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6416000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5059000253677368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177502760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782524","display_name":"Automatic gain control","level":4,"score":0.48179998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90327742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947396","display_name":"Insertion loss","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.40860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.36980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530198007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80831","display_name":"Integrated circuit","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128450285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1945036","display_name":"Monolithic microwave integrated circuit","level":4,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74524168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074539","display_name":"Integrated circuit design","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118021083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q610398","display_name":"System on a chip","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3639318","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7621505856513977,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2310439906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00211916","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G508996403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-02307066","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7555098366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00229817","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321681","display_name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/008nkqk13"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2090889213","https://openalex.org/W2131556268","https://openalex.org/W2149907548","https://openalex.org/W2520978967","https://openalex.org/W2795166141","https://openalex.org/W2896568738","https://openalex.org/W2920838253","https://openalex.org/W3011919450","https://openalex.org/W3029387881","https://openalex.org/W3092098271","https://openalex.org/W3113489463","https://openalex.org/W3128053916","https://openalex.org/W4312967016","https://openalex.org/W4317496708","https://openalex.org/W4400228523","https://openalex.org/W4400945469","https://openalex.org/W4403420416","https://openalex.org/W4403758719","https://openalex.org/W4405598842"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,10,18,23,38,90,99,108],"24\u201330GHz":[4],"common-leg":[5,50,83],"T/R":[6,51,87,105],"front-end":[7,52,63],"IC":[8,16,88,106],"using":[9],"65-nm":[11],"CMOS":[12],"process.":[13],"The":[14,32,68,85,104,119],"proposed":[15,57],"comprises":[17],"path":[19],"control":[20,92],"network":[21],"(PCN),":[22],"variable-gain":[24],"phase":[25,100,122],"shifter":[26],"(VGPS),":[27],"and":[28,34,44,65,76,98,123,130,136],"two":[29],"gain":[30,91,124],"amplifiers.":[31],"VGPS":[33],"3-piece":[35],"transformers":[36],"provide":[37],"significant":[39],"reduction":[40],"in":[41,133],"chip":[42,110],"size":[43,111],"insertion":[45],"loss":[46],"compared":[47],"to":[48],"conventional":[49],"ICs.":[53,67],"In":[54],"addition,":[55],"the":[56,74,134,141,147],"architecture":[58],"facilitates":[59],"integration":[60],"with":[61],"RF":[62],"modules":[64],"beamforming":[66],"PCN":[69],"provides":[70],"high":[71],"isolation":[72],"between":[73],"TX":[75,135],"RX":[77,137],"paths,":[78],"which":[79],"is":[80],"important":[81],"for":[82],"operation.":[84],"developed":[86],"exhibits":[89],"dynamic":[93],"range":[94],"of":[95,102,112],"12":[96],"dB":[97,132],"resolution":[101],"5.625\u00b0.":[103],"has":[107],"compact":[109],"0.46":[113],"mm<sup":[114],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[115],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[116],"excluding":[117],"pads.":[118],"measured":[120,151],"rms":[121],"errors":[125],"were":[126],"less":[127],"than":[128],"1.1\u00b0/0.9\u00b0":[129],"0.3/0.3":[131],"modes,":[138],"respectively,":[139],"across":[140],"entire":[142],"operating":[143],"frequency":[144],"range,":[145],"while":[146],"power":[148],"consumption":[149],"was":[150],"as":[152],"37.9/43.3":[153],"mW.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2025-12-03T00:00:00"}
