{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106292925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634","title":"A 7-bit 76\u201381-GHz Hybrid Vector-Modulated Variable Gain Phase Shifter Combining Phase-Invariant VGA and 1-bit CDAC","display_name":"A 7-bit 76\u201381-GHz Hybrid Vector-Modulated Variable Gain Phase Shifter Combining Phase-Invariant VGA and 1-bit CDAC","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106292925","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bowen Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-1729"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2456-1729","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ying Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lihua Dai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119559","display_name":"Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/02s0wcj29","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119559","https://openalex.org/I4210120917"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142504","display_name":"Semiconductor Manufacturing International (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03tf9y485","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142504"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyan Semiconductor Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyan Semiconductor Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119559","https://openalex.org/I4210142504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuiyang Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311643757","display_name":"Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gxmms51","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuiyang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AirTouch (Shanghai) Intelligent Technology Company Ltd., Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311643757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60388627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"28","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9007999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9007999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.027400000020861626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-gain-amplifier","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-shift-module","display_name":"Phase shift module","score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-margin","display_name":"Phase margin","score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-loop-gain","display_name":"Open-loop gain","score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-sensing","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","score":0.37959998846054077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91541141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894933","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","level":5,"score":0.7300999760627747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.564300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103864889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4480524","display_name":"Phase shift module","level":3,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81455027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180955","display_name":"Phase margin","level":5,"score":0.46059998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.4458000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.44449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143931264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932986","display_name":"Open-loop gain","level":5,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.397599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206755178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131271","display_name":"Capacitive sensing","level":2,"score":0.37959998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.3564000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177502760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782524","display_name":"Automatic gain control","level":4,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58112919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631203","display_name":"Output impedance","level":3,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.321399986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.30970001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173871940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471846","display_name":"Three-phase","level":3,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11722477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056298","display_name":"Differential amplifier","level":4,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189184530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508342","display_name":"Fully differential amplifier","level":5,"score":0.27320000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193235527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863787","display_name":"Continuously variable transmission","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58117264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239595","display_name":"Operational transconductance amplifier","level":5,"score":0.258899986743927}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3635634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6460310220718384}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2539324631","https://openalex.org/W2789350381","https://openalex.org/W2809320907","https://openalex.org/W2809408843","https://openalex.org/W2971518569","https://openalex.org/W2971559776","https://openalex.org/W2976437775","https://openalex.org/W3015072471","https://openalex.org/W3088717842","https://openalex.org/W3138163485","https://openalex.org/W4226241742","https://openalex.org/W4312863740","https://openalex.org/W4317496708","https://openalex.org/W4392607706"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,72],"article":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,55,108,127,148,154],"7-bit":[4,120],"high-resolution":[5],"hybrid":[6],"vector-modulated":[7],"(VM)":[8],"variable":[9,33],"gain":[10,34,46,95,111,137],"phase":[11,39,48,53,93,116,121,130],"shifter":[12],"(VGPS)":[13],"with":[14,126],"1-bit":[15,56],"Capacitive":[16],"Digital-to-Analog":[17],"Converter":[18],"(CDAC)":[19],"in":[20,81,97],"CMOS.":[21],"Cross-coupled":[22],"differential":[23],"common-source":[24],"pairs":[25],"are":[26],"used":[27],"to":[28,87],"form":[29],"11-step":[30],"phase-invariant":[31],"(PI)":[32],"amplifiers":[35],"(VGAs),":[36],"ensuring":[37],"consistent":[38],"and":[40,47,64,68,85,114,135,152],"suitable":[41],"output":[42],"impedance":[43],"across":[44],"varying":[45],"settings.":[49],"To":[50],"further":[51],"improve":[52],"resolution,":[54],"CDAC":[57,76],"is":[58],"inserted":[59],"between":[60],"the":[61,69,98,104],"coupler-based":[62],"in-phase":[63],"quadrature":[65],"generator":[66],"(IQG)":[67],"PI":[70],"VGA.":[71],"integration":[73],"mitigates":[74],"typical":[75],"drawbacks,":[77],"such":[78],"as":[79],"variations":[80],"input/output":[82],"return":[83],"loss":[84],"sensitivity":[86],"VGA":[88],"load":[89],"impedance,":[90],"without":[91],"introducing":[92],"or":[94],"imbalances":[96],"IQ":[99],"paths.":[100],"Measurements":[101],"show":[102],"that":[103],"proposed":[105],"VGPS":[106],"provides":[107],"6":[109],"dB":[110],"tuning":[112],"range":[113],"monotonic":[115],"response.":[117],"It":[118],"achieves":[119],"resolution":[122],"over":[123],"70-85":[124],"GHz,":[125],"root-mean-square":[128],"(RMS)":[129],"error":[131,138],"less":[132],"than":[133],"3\u00b0":[134],"RMS":[136],"of":[139,158],"0.5":[140],"dB.":[141],"The":[142],"circuit":[143],"consumes":[144],"30":[145],"mW":[146],"from":[147],"0.9":[149],"V":[150],"supply":[151],"occupies":[153],"compact":[155],"core":[156],"area":[157],"425":[159],"\u03bcm":[160],"\u00d7":[161],"320":[162],"\u03bcm.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}