{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414110547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185","title":"Data-Driven State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Variational Inference","display_name":"Data-Driven State-of-Charge Estimation for Lithium-Ion Batteries Using Variational Inference","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414110547","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028957709","display_name":"Wei Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6889-3229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103276439","display_name":"Yunfei Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-2956"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4026-2956","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640301","display_name":"Shiyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-5839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142108993","display_name":"Southwest University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj4z117","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5028-5839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142108993"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22161852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"11","first_page":"1810","last_page":"1814"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9772999882698059,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9763000011444092,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.5450999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.382099986076355}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.6858000159263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6596999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5702000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.5450999736785889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.43810001015663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.33820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.33570000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32100000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.30799999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3608185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3583818797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62306245","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5364887615","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SWUS25171","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6335428461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2769528646","https://openalex.org/W2900354724","https://openalex.org/W2962851448","https://openalex.org/W3014403020","https://openalex.org/W3154254059","https://openalex.org/W3173191518","https://openalex.org/W3173751602","https://openalex.org/W3187658411","https://openalex.org/W4207043006","https://openalex.org/W4214768281","https://openalex.org/W4292387151","https://openalex.org/W4312810554","https://openalex.org/W4319988737","https://openalex.org/W4323022459","https://openalex.org/W4324291004","https://openalex.org/W4327662979","https://openalex.org/W4377971398","https://openalex.org/W4389664947","https://openalex.org/W4389987972","https://openalex.org/W4392122636","https://openalex.org/W4393678241","https://openalex.org/W4401809415","https://openalex.org/W4403600728","https://openalex.org/W4410153195"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W121572956","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2001153889","https://openalex.org/W1971183125","https://openalex.org/W2043420727","https://openalex.org/W2029553865","https://openalex.org/W2047941755"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"nonlinear":[1],"and":[2,57,75,133,139],"time-varying":[3],"characteristics":[4],"of":[5,18,110],"internal":[6],"electronic":[7],"circuits":[8],"in":[9],"battery":[10],"systems":[11],"pose":[12],"challenges":[13],"to":[14,46,66,80,106,143],"the":[15,60,82,86,93,108,115],"practical":[16],"application":[17],"traditional":[19],"state-of-charge":[20],"(SOC)":[21],"estimation":[22,50,131],"methods.":[23,145],"To":[24],"address":[25],"these":[26],"challenges,":[27],"we":[28],"first":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,68,76,97],"novel":[32],"variational":[33,44],"inference":[34,45],"neural":[35,41],"network":[36,94],"(VINN),":[37],"which":[38,91],"combines":[39],"deep":[40],"networks":[42],"with":[43,114],"enable":[47],"accurate":[48],"SOC":[49,70],"solely":[51],"based":[52],"on":[53,121],"measured":[54],"current,":[55],"voltage,":[56],"temperature.":[58],"Specifically,":[59],"proposed":[61],"VINN":[62,128],"employs":[63],"an":[64],"encoder":[65],"infer":[67],"latent":[69],"distribution":[71],"from":[72],"measurement":[73],"inputs,":[74],"decoder":[77],"is":[78,100],"used":[79],"reconstruct":[81],"inputs":[83],"for":[84],"computing":[85],"evidence":[87],"lower":[88],"bound":[89],"(ELBO),":[90],"guides":[92],"optimization.":[95],"Meanwhile,":[96],"physics-informed":[98],"loss":[99],"introduced":[101],"by":[102],"using":[103],"Coulomb":[104],"counting":[105],"derive":[107],"prior":[109],"SOC,":[111],"ensuring":[112],"consistency":[113],"battery\u2019s":[116],"circuit":[117],"behavior.":[118],"Finally,":[119],"experiments":[120],"realistic":[122],"Panasonic":[123],"18650PF":[124],"dataset":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"achieves":[129],"superior":[130],"accuracy":[132],"generalization":[134],"performance":[135],"under":[136],"both":[137],"supervised":[138],"unsupervised":[140],"settings":[141],"compared":[142],"state-of-the-art":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-07T23:20:04.922697","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}