{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411358599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435","title":"Efficient Hardware Architecture Design of K-Means Clustering Algorithm for AV1 Palette Mode Coding","display_name":"Efficient Hardware Architecture Design of K-Means Clustering Algorithm for AV1 Palette Mode Coding","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411358599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067386769","display_name":"Xiaofeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-6960"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8479-6960","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091236801","display_name":"Jiaqing Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111260168","display_name":"F. Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5897-4141"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168879160","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05mx0wr29","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119388","display_name":"Zhejiang Science and Technology Information Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02rzte064","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119388"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengguang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Platform Development Department, Zhejiang Science Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Science Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Platform Development Department, Zhejiang Science Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168879160"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Science Technology Project Management and Service Center, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119388"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042941682","display_name":"Wen Ji","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090176","display_name":"Institute of Computing Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0090r4d87","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210090176"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6895-3404","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Computing Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210090176","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049284356","display_name":"Haibing Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-0938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50760025","display_name":"Hangzhou Dianzi University","ror":"https://ror.org/0576gt767","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibing Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3025-0938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039832462","display_name":"Siwei Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-5403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siwei Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2731-5403","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067386769"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50760025"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5506,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8928992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"8","first_page":"1078","last_page":"1082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10741","display_name":"Video Coding and Compression Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10901","display_name":"Advanced Data Compression Techniques","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6856430768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/palette","display_name":"Palette (painting)","score":0.6712170243263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6490678787231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coding","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","score":0.6131377220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5220341682434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.5163282752037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.38813552260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37936627864837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.36842525005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22123584151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15614032745361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.0882149338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.06707727909088135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6856430768966675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779674283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425548","display_name":"Palette (painting)","level":2,"score":0.6712170243263245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6490678787231445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179518139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5140297","display_name":"Coding (social sciences)","level":2,"score":0.6131377220153809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5220341682434082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.5163282752037048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.38813552260398865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37936627864837646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.36842525005340576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22123584151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15614032745361328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0882149338722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.06707727909088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3580435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1425079864","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB4502803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6006910770","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024C01107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327780","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6193814093","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025C01036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327780","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327780","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2101700394","https://openalex.org/W2136023023","https://openalex.org/W2167715857","https://openalex.org/W2509267076","https://openalex.org/W2556261813","https://openalex.org/W2611249160","https://openalex.org/W2891639355","https://openalex.org/W2952822016","https://openalex.org/W2971913919","https://openalex.org/W2999940418","https://openalex.org/W3007996843","https://openalex.org/W3008180137","https://openalex.org/W3008317530","https://openalex.org/W3134368609","https://openalex.org/W3202918664","https://openalex.org/W4396909864"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384383935","https://openalex.org/W4234082839","https://openalex.org/W2509410833","https://openalex.org/W3183827559","https://openalex.org/W2004761075","https://openalex.org/W2368237188","https://openalex.org/W2167830588","https://openalex.org/W2890578708","https://openalex.org/W4394087711","https://openalex.org/W2742280844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"palette":[1,30,184],"mode":[2,185],"is":[3,24,93,172],"a":[4,25,67,84,113,149,178],"specialized":[5],"coding":[6,9,108],"tool":[7],"for":[8,15,59,87,106,146,183],"screen":[10],"content":[11],"video":[12],"in":[13,28,42,148,151,186],"Alliance":[14],"Open":[16],"Media":[17],"Video":[18],"1":[19],"(AV1),":[20],"and":[21,37,79],"K-means":[22,43,61,144,179],"clustering":[23,44,62,145,180],"necessary":[26],"step":[27],"the":[29,33,38,60,96,99,104,125,137,165,173],"mode.":[31],"However,":[32],"high":[34],"computational":[35],"complexity":[36],"strong":[39],"data":[40],"dependency":[41],"impede":[45],"real-time":[46,162],"processing.":[47,163],"To":[48,164],"address":[49],"these":[50],"issues,":[51],"we":[52,65,82,111],"propose":[53,66,83,112],"an":[54],"efficient":[55],"hardware":[56,70,139,181],"architecture":[57,71,115,140],"design":[58,177],"algorithm.":[63],"Firstly,":[64],"fully":[68],"pipelined":[69],"with":[72,122],"two":[73],"data-interleaving":[74],"optimization":[75],"methods,":[76],"including":[77],"K-interleaving":[78],"block-interleaving.":[80],"Then,":[81],"novel":[85],"method":[86],"reusing":[88,123],"original":[89,101],"pixel":[90],"data,":[91],"which":[92,158],"motivated":[94],"by":[95],"fact":[97],"that":[98,116,136],"input":[100],"pixels":[102,147],"are":[103],"same":[105],"different":[107],"blocks.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"parallelized":[114],"features":[117],"three":[118],"\u201cK-means":[119],"Engine\u201d":[120],"modules,":[121],"of":[124,167],"\u201cEuclidean":[126],"distance":[127],"calculate\u201d":[128],"module":[129],"to":[130,176],"minimize":[131],"area.":[132],"Experimental":[133],"results":[134],"show":[135],"proposed":[138],"can":[141,159],"process":[142],"all":[143],"superblock":[150],"10246":[152],"cycles":[153],"under":[154],"650MHz":[155],"working":[156],"frequency,":[157],"achieve":[160],"4K@30fps":[161],"best":[166],"our":[168,170],"knowledge,":[169],"work":[171],"first":[174],"attempt":[175],"accelerator":[182],"AV1.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}