{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408708569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716","title":"A 0.0019-mm\u00b2 <i>LC</i>-Ring Oscillator With an Ultra-Compact Transformer Achieving 175.2 dBc/Hz FoM@1MHz and 202.4 dBc/Hz FoMA","display_name":"A 0.0019-mm\u00b2 <i>LC</i>-Ring Oscillator With an Ultra-Compact Transformer Achieving 175.2 dBc/Hz FoM@1MHz and 202.4 dBc/Hz FoMA","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408708569","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110132118","display_name":"Ya Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ya Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Lingao Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102412894","display_name":"Runchen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1969-7859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runchen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006541988","display_name":"Jun Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-4551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4195-4551","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and the Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI and Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043300709","display_name":"Li Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-9281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4002-9281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101444687","display_name":"Chao Fan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9696-209X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110132118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04149208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"5","first_page":"693","last_page":"697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.980307936668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.584058940410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4464056193828583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4414999186992645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ring-oscillator","display_name":"Ring oscillator","score":0.4330519139766693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4288884997367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.34880197048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21900945901870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08945134282112122}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.980307936668396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.584058940410614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4464056193828583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4414999186992645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104111718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2153973","display_name":"Ring oscillator","level":3,"score":0.4330519139766693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4288884997367859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.34880197048187256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21900945901870728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08945134282112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2025.3553716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8500000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4273118252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92473111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8173228430","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB4403401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1602063799","https://openalex.org/W2059629769","https://openalex.org/W2104340505","https://openalex.org/W2112505083","https://openalex.org/W2326419276","https://openalex.org/W2521349449","https://openalex.org/W2767139938","https://openalex.org/W2781065964","https://openalex.org/W2899996489","https://openalex.org/W2911541304","https://openalex.org/W2912788287","https://openalex.org/W4312977116","https://openalex.org/W4386453820","https://openalex.org/W4387885900","https://openalex.org/W4396712618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2540832666","https://openalex.org/W4286579627","https://openalex.org/W1851259350","https://openalex.org/W272184114","https://openalex.org/W2117747481","https://openalex.org/W2394282069","https://openalex.org/W3189810088","https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W4281672152","https://openalex.org/W2140700971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"describes":[2],"an":[3,8,125],"area-efficient":[4],"LC-ring":[5,67,77,96,158],"oscillator":[6,49,78,97],"featuring":[7],"ultra-compact":[9],"transformer":[10,36],"resonator.":[11,37],"The":[12,25,75],"series":[13],"inverters":[14,27],"could":[15],"be":[16],"equivalent":[17],"to":[18,121,132],"the":[19,35,44,62,70,81,84,115,156],"negative":[20],"resistors":[21],"providing":[22],"gain":[23],"compensation.":[24],"involved":[26],"and":[28,56,64,72,87],"switched-capacitor":[29],"banks":[30],"are":[31],"fully":[32],"integrated":[33],"underneath":[34],"Thus,":[38],"with":[39,83,124],"a":[40,99,133],"comparable":[41],"area":[42,127],"of":[43,111,128,143],"typical":[45],"ring":[46],"oscillators,":[47],"our":[48,94],"shows":[50],"significantly":[51],"improved":[52],"phase":[53],"noise":[54],"(PN)":[55],"figure-of-merit":[57],"(FoM).":[58],"Besides,":[59],"we":[60],"implemented":[61],"stacked-coupling":[63,76,95],"distributed-coupling":[65,157],"transformer-based":[66],"oscillators":[68],"for":[69],"PN":[71,82],"FoM":[73,135],"comparison.":[74],"can":[79],"lower":[80],"same":[85],"frequency":[86,116],"power":[88],"budget.":[89],"Fabricated":[90],"in":[91],"40-nm":[92],"CMOS,":[93],"scores":[98],"<inline-formula":[100],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[101,137],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[102,138],"<tex-math":[103,139],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\mathrm":[104],"{":[105,108],"PN}}_{\\unicode":[106],"{0x0040}1{\\mathrm":[107],"MHz}}}$":[109],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[110,142],"-110.4":[112],"dBc/Hz":[113,145],"across":[114],"tuning":[117],"range":[118],"from":[119],"3.7":[120],"5.1":[122],"GHz":[123],"active":[126],"0.0019":[129],"mm2,":[130],"corresponding":[131],"superior":[134],"(FoMA)<inline-formula":[136],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${}_{\\text":[140],"{@1MHz}}$":[141],"175.2":[144],"(202.4":[146],"dBc/Hz)":[147],"that":[148],"is":[149],"4.2":[150],"dB":[151],"(6":[152],"dB)":[153],"higher":[154],"than":[155],"oscillator.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-03-22T00:00:00"}
