{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403446261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436","title":"A 6\u201364-Gb/s 0.41-pJ/Bit Reference-Less PAM4 CDR Using a Frequency-Detection-Gain-Enhanced PFD Achieving 19.8-Gb/s/\u03bcs Acquisition Speed","display_name":"A 6\u201364-Gb/s 0.41-pJ/Bit Reference-Less PAM4 CDR Using a Frequency-Detection-Gain-Enhanced PFD Achieving 19.8-Gb/s/\u03bcs Acquisition Speed","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403446261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liyan Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5226-6783"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liyan Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5226-6783","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100721487","display_name":"Tuo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1483-0465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071736086","display_name":"Xiaofeng Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5823-6345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Company Ltd., Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yunhai Guochuang Cloud Computing Equipment Industry Innovation Co., Ltd, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007822830","display_name":"Xiaoming Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-7621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139024713","display_name":"Guangdong University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04azbjn80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-7621","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423044","display_name":"Zhao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-9045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210149211","display_name":"Institute of Semiconductors","ror":"https://ror.org/048dd0611","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210149211"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","Institute of Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-9045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Superlattices and Microstructures, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210149211","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139024713"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62065329,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"72","issue":"1","first_page":"68","last_page":"72"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.6646029949188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4238012731075287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.41245412826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.06259676814079285}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.6646029949188232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4238012731075287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.41245412826538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.06259676814079285}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3481436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6834717405","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62222409","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G733082133","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62174153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2759555985","https://openalex.org/W2891823842","https://openalex.org/W2892515880","https://openalex.org/W2986495197","https://openalex.org/W3014543608","https://openalex.org/W3041002943","https://openalex.org/W3041050895","https://openalex.org/W3092083854","https://openalex.org/W3095702772","https://openalex.org/W3202215493","https://openalex.org/W3206105412","https://openalex.org/W4205588732","https://openalex.org/W4205612694","https://openalex.org/W4210458886","https://openalex.org/W4362714569","https://openalex.org/W4385221250","https://openalex.org/W4387411179"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W54078636","https://openalex.org/W2954470139","https://openalex.org/W1501425562","https://openalex.org/W2902782467","https://openalex.org/W3084825885","https://openalex.org/W2298861036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,51],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,68,95],"wideband":[4],"continuous-rate":[5],"reference-less":[6],"ring-oscillator-based":[7],"PAM4":[8],"CDR.":[9],"Our":[10],"proposed":[11],"frequency-detection-gain-enhanced":[12],"phase/frequency":[13],"detector":[14],"(GE-PFD),":[15],"in":[16,60,67,104],"which":[17,105],"only":[18,106],"two":[19],"logic":[20,114],"gates":[21,115],"are":[22],"added":[23],"to":[24],"the":[25,33,112,117],"Alexander":[26],"bang-bang":[27],"phase":[28],"detector,":[29],"significantly":[30],"speeds":[31],"up":[32],"frequency":[34],"acquisition":[35,87],"process":[36],"of":[37,116],"our":[38,72],"CDR":[39,73],"with":[40,94],"wide":[41],"capture":[42],"range":[43],"by":[44,111],"controlling":[45],"an":[46],"auxiliary":[47],"charge":[48],"pump":[49],"(A-CP).":[50],"technique":[52],"eliminates":[53],"separate":[54],"FD":[55],"or":[56],"extra":[57,113],"clock":[58],"phases":[59],"prior":[61],"PFDs,":[62],"thus":[63],"saving":[64],"power.":[65],"Fabricated":[66],"40-nm":[69],"CMOS":[70],"process,":[71],"prototype":[74],"achieves":[75],"6-64-Gb/s":[76],"data":[77],"rate":[78,93],"range,":[79],"19.8-Gb/s/<inline-formula":[80],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[81],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[82],"<tex-math":[83],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[84],"$":[85],"</tex-math></inline-formula>s":[86],"speed,":[88],"and":[89,119],"<10\u201312":[90],"bit":[91],"error":[92],"PRBS-31":[96],"input":[97],"stream.":[98],"The":[99],"energy":[100],"efficiency":[101],"is":[102,109],"0.41-pJ/bit,":[103],"0.02":[107],"pJ/bit":[108],"contributed":[110],"FDGE-PFD":[118],"A-CP.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-27T23:08:20.325037","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
