{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396680828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815","title":"An RRAM-Based Hierarchical Computing-in-Memory Architecture With Synchronous Parallelism for 3-D Point Cloud Recognition","display_name":"An RRAM-Based Hierarchical Computing-in-Memory Architecture With Synchronous Parallelism for 3-D Point Cloud Recognition","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396680828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041446401","display_name":"Yaotian Ling","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-3081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaotian Ling","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-3081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089981020","display_name":"Zongwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6297-2700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zongwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6297-2700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088135049","display_name":"Lindong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lindong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5985-4308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060554231","display_name":"Yimao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6854-8211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062886480","display_name":"Ru Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8146-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165198","display_name":"Beijing Advanced Sciences and Innovation Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05qm21180","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ru Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and the Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Integrated Circuits, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165198"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64510014,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"10","first_page":"4412","last_page":"4416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","score":0.9075955152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7226866483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6944245100021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5149986743927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/massively-parallel","display_name":"Massively parallel","score":0.4480149447917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallelism","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","score":0.43099451065063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4108465313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4070044457912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.399177223443985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3535984456539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.1937282681465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10821622610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07321646809577942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182019814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1143830","display_name":"Resistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9075955152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7226866483688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6944245100021362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5149986743927002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190475519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544384","display_name":"Massively parallel","level":2,"score":0.4480149447917938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853109","display_name":"Parallelism (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.43099451065063477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4108465313911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4070044457912445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.399177223443985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3535984456539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.1937282681465149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10821622610092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07321646809577942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3396815","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1608043584","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20220484113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2390305753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61927901","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4406060205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6847781164","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B18001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7850338099","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3037569159","https://openalex.org/W3039448353","https://openalex.org/W3048540744","https://openalex.org/W3085709740","https://openalex.org/W3137245899","https://openalex.org/W3138138784","https://openalex.org/W3155456425","https://openalex.org/W3162864838","https://openalex.org/W3184856857","https://openalex.org/W3207691776","https://openalex.org/W4220673022","https://openalex.org/W4286571907","https://openalex.org/W4286580153","https://openalex.org/W4360606209","https://openalex.org/W4366967114","https://openalex.org/W4385192550","https://openalex.org/W4386894249","https://openalex.org/W4387459225","https://openalex.org/W6744580074"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054635671","https://openalex.org/W2545245183","https://openalex.org/W2017425642","https://openalex.org/W2350916061","https://openalex.org/W2952918855","https://openalex.org/W1970117475","https://openalex.org/W4396815615","https://openalex.org/W3161624601","https://openalex.org/W2078381924","https://openalex.org/W2004823737"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Point":[0],"clouds":[1],"have":[2],"important":[3],"applications,":[4],"such":[5],"as":[6],"computer":[7],"vision,":[8],"autonomous":[9],"driving,":[10],"and":[11,25,96],"robotics.":[12],"However,":[13],"point":[14,56,63],"cloud":[15,57,64],"recognition":[16],"task":[17],"encounters":[18],"challenges":[19],"related":[20],"to":[21],"data":[22,58],"input":[23],"equivalence":[24],"computational":[26,53],"overhead":[27],"in":[28,69],"conventional":[29],"hardware.":[30],"To":[31],"address":[32],"these":[33],"issues,":[34],"we":[35],"propose":[36],"a":[37,76,89,97,106],"Hierarchical":[38],"Synchronous":[39],"Parallel":[40],"Architecture":[41],"(HSPA)":[42],"for":[43],"resistive-random-access-memory":[44],"(RRAM)":[45],"based":[46],"computing-in-memory":[47],"(CIM),":[48],"which":[49],"significantly":[50],"enhances":[51],"the":[52,86],"parallelism":[54],"of":[55,93,100,109],"with":[59],"DeepSets":[60],"network.":[61],"The":[62,82],"processing":[65],"is":[66],"experimentally":[67],"implemented":[68],"RRAM-based":[70],"HSPA":[71,87],"CIM":[72],"hardware":[73],"fabricated":[74],"using":[75],"commercial":[77],"40":[78],"nm":[79],"CMOS":[80],"technology.":[81],"results":[83],"indicate":[84],"that":[85],"achieves":[88],"remarkable":[90],"energy":[91],"efficiency":[92],"9.70":[94],"fJ/op":[95],"high":[98],"framerate":[99],"145.4":[101],"fps":[102],"(@200MHz)":[103],"while":[104],"maintaining":[105],"software-comparable":[107],"accuracy":[108],"98.4%.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}