{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391582695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015","title":"Lightweight Hybrid Entropy Source True Random Number Generator Based on Jitter and Metastability","display_name":"Lightweight Hybrid Entropy Source True Random Number Generator Based on Jitter and Metastability","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391582695","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046551784","display_name":"Shihao Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4333-9629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shihao Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100736309","display_name":"Huaguo Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-7236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huaguo Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026333187","display_name":"Rong Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3409-9071"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rong Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046125484","display_name":"Liang Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4081-6499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073810494","display_name":"Zhengfeng Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8695-4478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengfeng Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029018913","display_name":"Maoxiang Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5160-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoxiang Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051724280","display_name":"Yingchun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2621-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingchun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046551784"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8421,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97724272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"7","first_page":"3513","last_page":"3517"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.8560078144073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.793715238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.7616626620292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7309353947639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bitstream","display_name":"Bitstream","score":0.7101907730102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6710536479949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.49980998039245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.43437132239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.4278351068496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metastability","display_name":"Metastability","score":0.4233718812465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.390700101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37237101793289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3308122754096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.16971030831336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10429912805557251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.8560078144073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.793715238571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.7616626620292664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7309353947639465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136695289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q415568","display_name":"Bitstream","level":3,"score":0.7101907730102539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6710536479949951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.49980998039245605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.43437132239341736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.4278351068496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89464430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849516","display_name":"Metastability","level":2,"score":0.4233718812465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.390700101852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37237101793289185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3308122754096985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.16971030831336975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10429912805557251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2024.3363015","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2853893995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61574052","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6637131806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61674048","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G744300498","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G875980750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61904001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8812608846","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62027815","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335765","funder_display_name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335765","display_name":"National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Projects of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W170084955","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1717406790","https://openalex.org/W2340448478","https://openalex.org/W2757205152","https://openalex.org/W2784781042","https://openalex.org/W2801259407","https://openalex.org/W2947486590","https://openalex.org/W3107348029","https://openalex.org/W3133167475","https://openalex.org/W3142982521","https://openalex.org/W3196521403","https://openalex.org/W3207886650","https://openalex.org/W4293370535","https://openalex.org/W4382540653","https://openalex.org/W4386928861"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158491338","https://openalex.org/W2807901368","https://openalex.org/W2133733652","https://openalex.org/W2072658171","https://openalex.org/W2606392311","https://openalex.org/W2320042380","https://openalex.org/W4385956668","https://openalex.org/W2900895161","https://openalex.org/W4310584118","https://openalex.org/W3161883688"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"True":[0],"random":[1,54,76],"number":[2],"generators":[3],"(TRNGs)":[4],"perform":[5],"an":[6],"irreplaceable":[7],"role":[8],"in":[9],"securing":[10],"information":[11],"systems.":[12],"In":[13],"this":[14],"brief,":[15],"a":[16,44,53,135],"lightweight":[17],"hybrid":[18],"entropy":[19],"source":[20],"TRNG":[21,112],"implementation":[22],"scheme":[23],"based":[24],"on":[25,126],"jitter":[26],"and":[27,57,63,86,98,101,117,120,123,129],"metastability":[28],"is":[29,58,106],"proposed,":[30],"which":[31,133],"uses":[32],"the":[33,66,74,79,83,87,110,142],"underlying":[34],"field":[35],"programmable":[36],"gate":[37,48],"array":[38],"(FPGA)":[39],"primitive":[40],"language":[41],"to":[42,51,141],"construct":[43],"dual":[45],"cross-coupled":[46],"XOR":[47],"(DCCX)":[49],"unit":[50],"generate":[52],"output":[55],"sequence":[56,77],"deployed":[59],"by":[60],"automatic":[61],"layout":[62],"routing":[64],"with":[65],"Xilinx":[67,127],"compiler.":[68],"The":[69,90],"experimental":[70],"results":[71],"show":[72],"that":[73,109],"generated":[75],"passes":[78],"NIST":[80],"SP800-22":[81],"test,":[82],"TESTU01":[84],"test":[85],"AIS-31":[88],"test.":[89],"structure":[91],"has":[92],"been":[93],"extensively":[94],"tested":[95],"under":[96],"voltage":[97],"temperature":[99],"variations":[100],"shows":[102,134],"excellent":[103],"robustness.":[104],"It":[105],"worth":[107],"mentioning":[108],"proposed":[111],"consumes":[113],"only":[114],"12":[115],"LUTs":[116],"10":[118],"DFFs,":[119],"achieves":[121],"150Mbps":[122],"200Mbps":[124],"throughput":[125],"Artix-7":[128],"Kintex-7":[130],"FPGAs,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"highly":[136],"efficient":[137],"resource":[138],"utilization":[139],"compared":[140],"previously":[143],"published":[144],"TRNGs.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}