{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4389317761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726","title":"A Dual-Mode Readout Circuit for SPAD Imaging Applications","display_name":"A Dual-Mode Readout Circuit for SPAD Imaging Applications","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4389317761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102910812","display_name":"Hsi-Hao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-110X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hsi-Hao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-110X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062025019","display_name":"T.Y. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8952-5346"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Yun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-8952-5346","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101954768","display_name":"Chun-Hsien Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2841-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Hsien Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082031393","display_name":"Sheng\u2010Di Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-9111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheng-Di Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-9111","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101838014","display_name":"Chen\u2010Yi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-0874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen-Yi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-0874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102910812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83612903,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"4","first_page":"1879","last_page":"1883"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9793000221252441,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-mode","display_name":"Dual mode","score":0.631953239440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.46588200330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4141857624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mode","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","score":0.411320298910141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38688063621520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.34502488374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.24737614393234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2014840543270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/art","display_name":"Art","score":0.1058378517627716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019325349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3874753","display_name":"Dual mode","level":2,"score":0.631953239440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.46588200330734253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4141857624053955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.411320298910141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38688063621520996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.34502488374710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.24737614393234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2014840543270111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1058378517627716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3338726","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G750089702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 111-2124-M-A49-005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969575569","https://openalex.org/W1992143188","https://openalex.org/W2074467878","https://openalex.org/W2089744284","https://openalex.org/W2132255252","https://openalex.org/W2163555537","https://openalex.org/W2289767861","https://openalex.org/W2321798850","https://openalex.org/W2555230830","https://openalex.org/W2558344443","https://openalex.org/W2621079296","https://openalex.org/W2757655203","https://openalex.org/W2908556374","https://openalex.org/W2973538687","https://openalex.org/W2977164968","https://openalex.org/W3000339637","https://openalex.org/W3024741308","https://openalex.org/W3119109959","https://openalex.org/W3135101855","https://openalex.org/W3165932260","https://openalex.org/W4205889335","https://openalex.org/W4220778802","https://openalex.org/W4220839421","https://openalex.org/W4293182727","https://openalex.org/W4296914542","https://openalex.org/W4312602360","https://openalex.org/W4312800125","https://openalex.org/W4385187183","https://openalex.org/W4385453134","https://openalex.org/W6939971346"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2935759653","https://openalex.org/W3105167352","https://openalex.org/W2392631856","https://openalex.org/W2355651228","https://openalex.org/W2330491326","https://openalex.org/W2768219827","https://openalex.org/W1992581387","https://openalex.org/W4254025658","https://openalex.org/W4406575379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"CMOS":[0],"single-photon":[1],"avalanche":[2],"diodes":[3],"(SPADs)":[4],"have":[5],"recently":[6],"emerged":[7],"as":[8],"promising":[9],"components":[10],"in":[11,115,133,156],"various":[12],"high-detection-rate":[13],"imaging":[14,18,65,88],"applications,":[15],"including":[16],"low-light":[17],"and":[19,21,29,76,108,153],"light-detection":[20],"ranging":[22],"(LiDAR).":[23],"To":[24],"reduce":[25],"the":[26,31,82,116,119,124,134,150,157,165],"dead":[27],"time":[28],"enhance":[30],"timing":[32],"resolution,":[33],"each":[34],"SPAD":[35],"is":[36,60],"equipped":[37],"with":[38,93],"a":[39,48,55,113,131],"passive":[40],"quenching":[41],"active":[42],"reset":[43],"(PQAR)":[44],"circuit,":[45],"which":[46],"includes":[47],"logic":[49],"control":[50],"circuit":[51,59,69,126],"for":[52,149,164],"self-restoration.":[53],"Then":[54],"readout":[56],"tree":[57],"(RT)":[58],"included":[61],"to":[62,85,127,139,162],"accommodate":[63],"different":[64],"requirements.":[66,89],"The":[67],"RT":[68],"introduces":[70],"two":[71],"operating":[72],"modes:":[73],"single-hit":[74,166],"mode":[75,152,167],"multi-hit":[77,151],"mode,":[78],"enabling":[79],"pre-processing":[80],"of":[81,118,123],"photon-induced":[83,120],"signals":[84],"meet":[86],"diverse":[87],"A":[90],"test":[91],"chip":[92],"an":[94,154],"effective":[95],"<inline-formula":[96,142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[97,143],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[98,144],"<tex-math":[99,145],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1":[100],"\\times":[101],"64$":[102],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[103,148],"pixels":[104],"has":[105,168],"been":[106,169],"designed":[107],"fabricated.":[109],"Measurement":[110],"results":[111],"show":[112],"reduction":[114],"jitter":[117],"signal":[121],"width":[122],"PQAR":[125],"29.5":[128],"ps.":[129],"Furthermore,":[130],"decrease":[132],"dark":[135],"count":[136],"rate":[137],"(DCR)":[138],"0.53":[140],"cps/":[141],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[146],"m^{2}$":[147],"improvement":[155],"photon":[158],"detection":[159],"efficiency":[160],"(PDE)":[161],"9.96%":[163],"demonstrated.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}