{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4388145418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261","title":"Multi-Bit Compute-In Memory Architecture Using a C-2C Ladder Network","display_name":"Multi-Bit Compute-In Memory Architecture Using a C-2C Ladder Network","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4388145418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081698284","display_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-5909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jaya Kumar Abotula","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaya Kumar Abotula","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024226769","display_name":"Rajat Kohli","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajat Kohli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation IP (FDIP), NXP Semiconductor India, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation IP (FDIP), NXP Semiconductor India, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016452807","display_name":"Jwalant Mishra","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jwalant Mishra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Foundation IP (FDIP), NXP Semiconductor India, Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Foundation IP (FDIP), NXP Semiconductor India, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064560509","display_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031850929","display_name":"Anand Bulusu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Bulusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.626,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8386845,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"6","first_page":"3166","last_page":"3170"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7258048057556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6835733652114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6390211582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5897216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.568191409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/8-bit","display_name":"8-bit","score":0.46457797288894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4504179358482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.44878578186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4230515658855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3868105113506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3694659173488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.33753764629364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1801687777042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.13507646322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10986289381980896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7258048057556152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6835733652114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6390211582183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5897216796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.568191409111023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187919765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270159","display_name":"8-bit","level":2,"score":0.46457797288894653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4504179358482361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.44878578186035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4230515658855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3868105113506317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3694659173488617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.33753764629364014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1801687777042389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.13507646322250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10986289381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3329261","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8606302598","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2981.001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","funder_display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150419881","https://openalex.org/W2156231941","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2904299207","https://openalex.org/W3016021860","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3080976800","https://openalex.org/W3097655915","https://openalex.org/W3119933723","https://openalex.org/W3133754064","https://openalex.org/W3139521791","https://openalex.org/W3194056411","https://openalex.org/W4280594598","https://openalex.org/W4294826606","https://openalex.org/W4312951380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1911569504","https://openalex.org/W3149091528","https://openalex.org/W2028353274","https://openalex.org/W975020229","https://openalex.org/W2121145321","https://openalex.org/W1902169700","https://openalex.org/W2257409576","https://openalex.org/W2502671172","https://openalex.org/W2921226914","https://openalex.org/W3143808432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,60,103],"brief":[1],"uses":[2],"the":[3,17,54,99],"capacitive":[4],"charge":[5],"coupling":[6],"method":[7],"to":[8],"present":[9],"a":[10,25,42,63,79,109],"multi-bit":[11],"SRAM-based":[12],"compute-in-memory":[13],"(CIM)":[14],"architecture":[15,22],"in":[16,41],"analog":[18,55],"domain.":[19],"The":[20,87],"proposed":[21,104],"consists":[23],"of":[24,65,72,84],"64\u00d764":[26],"9T1C":[27],"SRAM":[28],"array":[29],"performing":[30],"1024":[31],"MAC":[32,56],"operations":[33],"between":[34],"input":[35],"activation":[36],"(4-bit)":[37,40],"and":[38,44,68,95],"weight":[39],"cycle,":[43],"an":[45,69],"optimized":[46],"4-bit":[47],"Flash":[48],"ADC":[49],"is":[50,91,106],"used":[51],"for":[52,93,98],"converting":[53],"into":[57],"digital":[58],"output.":[59],"work":[61,105],"achieves":[62],"throughput":[64],"455":[66],"GOPS":[67],"energy":[70],"efficiency":[71],"1012":[73],"TOPS/W":[74],"at":[75,115],"222":[76],"MHz,":[77],"maintaining":[78],"very":[80],"high":[81],"signal":[82],"margin":[83],"54":[85],"mV.":[86],"achieved":[88],"inference":[89],"accuracy":[90],"98%":[92],"MNIST":[94],"86":[96],"%":[97],"CIFAR-10":[100],"data":[101],"set.":[102],"implemented":[107],"on":[108],"28":[110],"nm":[111],"CMOS":[112],"Technology":[113],"node":[114],"0.9":[116],"V":[117],"supply.":[118]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
