{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387490235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016","title":"An Ultra-Low Leakage and Wide-Range Voltage Level Shifter for Low-Power Digital CMOS VLSIs","display_name":"An Ultra-Low Leakage and Wide-Range Voltage Level Shifter for Low-Power Digital CMOS VLSIs","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387490235","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621495","display_name":"Ang Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5061-6177"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ang Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101267382","display_name":"Huidong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huidong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112719601","display_name":"Xiao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-0659"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382265","display_name":"Zhi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2211-2092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026870474","display_name":"Shushan Qiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9102-2111"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shushan Qiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Microelectronics, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101621495"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5986,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83642425,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1406","last_page":"1410"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-level","display_name":"Logic level","score":0.7090327143669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.6586904525756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6417741179466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.60997074842453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.6057065725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/propagation-delay","display_name":"Propagation delay","score":0.5388535857200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5171460509300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4766058325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-power-electronics","display_name":"Low-power electronics","score":0.463828444480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-voltage","display_name":"Low voltage","score":0.44279342889785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43326759338378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.4309535622596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.32573437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3240037262439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2802436351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.20635688304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.17523685097694397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146569638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173378","display_name":"Logic level","level":3,"score":0.7090327143669128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6586904525756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6417741179466248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.60997074842453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.6057065725326538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.5388535857200623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5171460509300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4766058325767517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117551214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6692774","display_name":"Low-power electronics","level":4,"score":0.463828444480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128624480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504817","display_name":"Low voltage","level":3,"score":0.44279342889785767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43326759338378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.4309535622596741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.32573437690734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3240037262439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2802436351776123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.20635688304901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.17523685097694397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3323016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974982221","https://openalex.org/W2078175791","https://openalex.org/W2152583886","https://openalex.org/W2310088122","https://openalex.org/W2330856862","https://openalex.org/W2564046907","https://openalex.org/W2566998670","https://openalex.org/W2755618956","https://openalex.org/W2789272543","https://openalex.org/W2795076234","https://openalex.org/W2942886067","https://openalex.org/W2979287008","https://openalex.org/W2998920371","https://openalex.org/W3011715584","https://openalex.org/W3076582212","https://openalex.org/W3094371818","https://openalex.org/W3094869036","https://openalex.org/W4316661096","https://openalex.org/W4321484049"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161772049","https://openalex.org/W2915016853","https://openalex.org/W3115355038","https://openalex.org/W3144197728","https://openalex.org/W1564892798","https://openalex.org/W2538378877","https://openalex.org/W1948744433","https://openalex.org/W2183734887","https://openalex.org/W3215411922","https://openalex.org/W2027800972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"an":[3,140],"ultra-low":[4,97],"leakage":[5,23,98],"and":[6,15,60,82,122,136],"fast":[7,48,63,81],"conversion":[8,14,64,149],"level":[9,19,53,102,131],"shifter":[10,20,54,103,132],"with":[11],"wide-range":[12],"voltage":[13,68],"frequency.":[16],"The":[17,39,51,147],"proposed":[18,52,101,130],"adopts":[21],"the":[22,31,35,43,47,57,67,72,77,89,95,100,118,123,129],"shut-off":[24],"transistors,":[25],"which":[26],"can":[27],"completely":[28],"cut":[29],"off":[30],"static":[32],"current":[33],"when":[34,107],"circuits":[36],"stand":[37],"by.":[38],"pull-down":[40],"network":[41,74],"employs":[42],"low-threshold":[44],"transistor":[45],"for":[46,139],"fall":[49],"transition.":[50],"also":[55],"solves":[56],"swing":[58],"problem":[59],"achieves":[61],"a":[62],"by":[65],"using":[66],"hysteresis":[69],"transistor,":[70],"strengthening":[71],"pull-up":[73],"to":[75,113,155],"ensure":[76],"internal":[78],"node":[79],"is":[80,104,151],"fully":[83],"charged.":[84],"Measurement":[85],"results":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"55":[90],"nm":[91],"process":[92],"show":[93],"that":[94],"average":[96,119,124],"of":[99,128,143],"34.8":[105],"pW":[106],"converting":[108],"from":[109,152],"0.3":[110],"V":[111,115,154],"input":[112,141],"1.2":[114,156],"output.":[116],"Meanwhile,":[117],"propagation":[120],"delay":[121],"energy":[125],"per":[126],"transition":[127],"are":[133],"13.86":[134],"ns":[135],"22.71":[137],"fJ":[138],"frequency":[142],"1":[144],"MHz,":[145],"respectively.":[146],"maximum":[148],"range":[150],"0.13":[153],"V.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
