{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387385779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259","title":"A Reconfigurable Processing Element for Multiple-Precision Floating/Fixed-Point HPC","display_name":"A Reconfigurable Processing Element for Multiple-Precision Floating/Fixed-Point HPC","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387385779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772375","display_name":"Boyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9709-9673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9709-9673","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090865912","display_name":"Kai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-931X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3251-931X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101851566","display_name":"Jiajun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-4256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6328-4256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100730139","display_name":"Yuan Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-2685"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6373-2685","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062269789","display_name":"Wei Mao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034853402","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern University of Science and Technology","School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2674-4118","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072120057","display_name":"Ngai Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ngai Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Hong Kong","Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3026-0108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5361,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89059829,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1401","last_page":"1405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11697","display_name":"Numerical Methods and Algorithms","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/floating-point","display_name":"Floating point","score":0.6529492735862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/element","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","score":0.573158860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5434922575950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5096175670623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5000450611114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.4397788345813751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science","display_name":"Computational science","score":0.4255446195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.20086902379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1798018217086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.09145322442054749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84211073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117879","display_name":"Floating point","level":2,"score":0.6529492735862732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200288055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792","display_name":"Element (criminal law)","level":2,"score":0.573158860206604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5434922575950623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5096175670623779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5000450611114502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.4397788345813751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C459310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117801","display_name":"Computational science","level":1,"score":0.4255446195602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.20086902379989624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1798018217086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.09145322442054749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3322259","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/339469","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/339469","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2781527179","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62034007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8845861063","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KQTD20200820113051096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2088700126","https://openalex.org/W2142464516","https://openalex.org/W2144921006","https://openalex.org/W2204310803","https://openalex.org/W2313116527","https://openalex.org/W2319134828","https://openalex.org/W2559846179","https://openalex.org/W2593564159","https://openalex.org/W2801795932","https://openalex.org/W2914973130","https://openalex.org/W2963367920","https://openalex.org/W2964504576","https://openalex.org/W2971946864","https://openalex.org/W3021029305","https://openalex.org/W3113606433","https://openalex.org/W3133253223","https://openalex.org/W3217237164","https://openalex.org/W4280493494","https://openalex.org/W4288346545","https://openalex.org/W4310936523","https://openalex.org/W4312872667","https://openalex.org/W6720651388","https://openalex.org/W6763653508"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384867379","https://openalex.org/W4400094300","https://openalex.org/W2329539859","https://openalex.org/W2227905990","https://openalex.org/W2765823764","https://openalex.org/W3214280620","https://openalex.org/W1599154403","https://openalex.org/W1582436825","https://openalex.org/W1996803181","https://openalex.org/W2979588510"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High-performance":[0],"computing":[1,143],"(HPC)":[2],"can":[3,23,49,74],"facilitate":[4],"deep":[5,134,150],"neural":[6],"network":[7],"(DNN)":[8],"training":[9],"and":[10,18,42,81,119,123],"inference.":[11,152],"Previous":[12],"works":[13],"have":[14],"proposed":[15,110],"multiple-precision":[16,107],"floating-":[17],"fixed-point":[19,43,142],"designs,":[20],"but":[21],"most":[22],"only":[24],"handle":[25],"either":[26],"one":[27,69,87],"independently.":[28],"This":[29,47],"brief":[30],"proposes":[31],"a":[32,95,98,145],"novel":[33],"reconfigurable":[34],"processing":[35],"element":[36],"(PE)":[37],"supporting":[38],"both":[39],"energy-efficient":[40,141],"floating-point":[41],"multiply-accumulate":[44],"(MAC)":[45],"operations.":[46],"PE":[48],"support$9\\times":[50],"$BFloat16":[51],"(BF16),":[52],"4$\\times":[53,130],"$half-precision":[54],"(FP16),$4\\times":[55],"$TensorFloat-32":[56],"(TF32)":[57],"and$1\\times":[58],"$single-precision":[59],"(FP32)":[60],"MAC":[61],"operation":[62],"with":[63,104,125,144],"100%":[64],"multiplication":[65],"hardware":[66,147],"utilization":[67],"in":[68,94],"clock":[70,101],"cycle.":[71],"Besides,":[72],"it":[73],"also":[75],"support":[76],"72$\\times":[77],"$INT2,":[78],"36$\\times":[79],"$INT4":[80],"9$\\times":[82],"$INT8":[83],"dot":[84],"product":[85],"plus":[86],"32-bit":[88],"addend.":[89],"The":[90],"design":[91,139],"is":[92],"realized":[93],"28nm-process":[96],"at":[97,121,126],"1.471GHz":[99],"slow-corner":[100],"frequency.":[102],"Compared":[103],"state-of-the-art":[105],"(SOTA)":[106],"PEs,":[108],"the":[109,113],"work":[111],"exhibits":[112],"best":[114],"energy":[115],"efficiency":[116],"of":[117],"834.35GFLOPS/W":[118],"1761.41GFLOPS/W":[120],"TF32":[122],"BF16":[124],"least":[127],"10$\\times":[128],"$and":[129],"$improvement,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"for":[133,149],"learning":[135,151],"training.":[136],"Meanwhile,":[137],"this":[138],"supports":[140],"small":[146],"overhead":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
