{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4386902897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635","title":"Area and Energy Efficient Short-Circuit-Logic-Based STT-MRAM Crossbar Array for Binary Neural Networks","display_name":"Area and Energy Efficient Short-Circuit-Logic-Based STT-MRAM Crossbar Array for Binary Neural Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4386902897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100407149","display_name":"Chao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-7648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056897117","display_name":"Zhaohao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009704612","display_name":"Zhongkui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3698-9802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongkui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018693228","display_name":"Youguang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0928-4210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youguang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066473925","display_name":"Weisheng Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-0404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weisheng Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fert Beijing Institute, MIIT Key Laboratory of Spintronics, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100407149"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7836,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71804838,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"3","first_page":"1386","last_page":"1390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.7949969172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6686238050460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crossbar-switch","display_name":"Crossbar switch","score":0.5398973226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunnel-magnetoresistance","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","score":0.438101202249527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.4210693836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4044564664363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3554510474205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19303637742996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1709318459033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.11274901032447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08149036765098572}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.7949969172477722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6686238050460815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29984679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929149","display_name":"Crossbar switch","level":2,"score":0.5398973226547241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56202322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884383","display_name":"Tunnel magnetoresistance","level":3,"score":0.438101202249527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.4210693836212158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4044564664363861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3554510474205017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19303637742996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1709318459033966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11274901032447815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08149036765098572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3317635","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1668451871","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3601304","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4535354113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3601300","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4882512470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3601303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7223662830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2743762435","https://openalex.org/W2912505786","https://openalex.org/W3005599125","https://openalex.org/W3013080934","https://openalex.org/W3044192339","https://openalex.org/W3125547981","https://openalex.org/W3144904247","https://openalex.org/W3172819050","https://openalex.org/W3201607961","https://openalex.org/W3207552913","https://openalex.org/W3209341468","https://openalex.org/W4205230840","https://openalex.org/W4206609022","https://openalex.org/W4225755231","https://openalex.org/W4286571786","https://openalex.org/W4317793310","https://openalex.org/W4317793517","https://openalex.org/W4319459266","https://openalex.org/W4319865691","https://openalex.org/W4360607286"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4226197542","https://openalex.org/W1977755618","https://openalex.org/W2034593071","https://openalex.org/W1970094457","https://openalex.org/W2744144420","https://openalex.org/W4231059390","https://openalex.org/W3136027979","https://openalex.org/W2490184523","https://openalex.org/W2543376619","https://openalex.org/W2289300168"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Spin-transfer-torque":[0],"magnetoresistive":[1],"random-access":[2],"memory":[3,11],"(STT-MRAM)":[4],"is":[5,59,93],"a":[6,45],"promising":[7],"candidate":[8],"for":[9,51,76,121],"future":[10],"systems,":[12],"however,":[13],"implementing":[14],"highly":[15],"parallel":[16],"neuro-inspired":[17],"computing":[18,48],"with":[19,61,98],"standard":[20],"STT-MRAM":[21,101],"arrays":[22],"faces":[23],"the":[24,30,35,82,85,89,99,105,110,118,122,126,131,136,142,149,152],"power":[25],"consumption":[26],"challenges":[27],"due":[28,147],"to":[29,68,148],"low":[31],"resistance":[32],"characteristics":[33],"of":[34,88,114,151],"magnetic":[36],"tunneling":[37],"junction":[38],"(MTJ).":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"brief,":[42],"we":[43],"propose":[44],"novel":[46],"in-memory":[47],"(IMC)":[49],"architecture":[50],"binary":[52],"neural":[53],"network":[54],"(BNN).":[55],"The":[56],"proposed":[57,90,106,127],"design":[58,107],"constructed":[60],"short-circuit-logic-based":[62],"3-transistor":[63],"and":[64,72,139],"2-MTJ":[65],"(3T2J-S)":[66],"bit-cell":[67,92,129,153],"implement":[69],"XNOR":[70],"operations":[71],"series-connected":[73],"crossbar":[74,102],"array":[75],"bit-counting":[77],"operations.":[78],"By":[79],"further":[80],"sharing":[81],"active":[83],"region,":[84],"layout":[86],"area":[87],"3T2J-S":[91,128],"reduced":[94],"by":[95,145],"20%":[96],"compared":[97],"conventional":[100,137],"bit-cell.":[103],"Moreover,":[104],"can":[108,140],"optimize":[109],"write":[111,123],"asymmetry":[112],"issue":[113],"STT-MRAM,":[115],"thereby":[116],"reducing":[117],"voltage":[119],"required":[120],"operation.":[124],"Furthermore,":[125],"has":[130],"same":[132],"on/off":[133],"ratio":[134],"as":[135],"one,":[138],"increase":[141],"inference":[143],"frequency":[144],"10.6%":[146],"reduction":[150],"resistance.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
