{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379620554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789","title":"A 20.65-to-40.55 GHz Dual-Core Quad-Mode VCO With Mode-Independent Transformer-Switching Technique in 65-nm CMOS","display_name":"A 20.65-to-40.55 GHz Dual-Core Quad-Mode VCO With Mode-Independent Transformer-Switching Technique in 65-nm CMOS","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379620554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004996239","display_name":"Jiayue Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-5462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayue Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1216-5462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005456828","display_name":"Zesong Fei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zesong Fei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-625X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048295582","display_name":"Zicheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-2340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zicheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Silicon-Based High-Speed System on Chip, BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Silicon-Based High-Speed System on Chip, BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002280180","display_name":"Quanwen Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-5856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanwen Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Silicon-Based High-Speed System on Chip, BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8903-5856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Silicon-Based High-Speed System on Chip, BIT Chongqing Institute of Microelectronics and Microsystems, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101687449","display_name":"Fang Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5942-0040"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fang Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100697542","display_name":"Xiaoran Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-3554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2609-3554","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100325698","display_name":"Zhiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-1327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9195-1327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83069267,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"11","first_page":"4073","last_page":"4077"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.841893196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7753462791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.6776852607727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.613194465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5826420187950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5695692896842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.48631343245506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4426729679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4262332022190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4046388864517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2764785587787628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26279139518737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.841893196105957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7753462791442871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.6776852607727051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.613194465637207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5826420187950134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5695692896842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.48631343245506287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4426729679107666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4262332022190094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4046388864517212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2764785587787628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26279139518737793}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3283789","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1045120008","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3443355392","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M700406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8556838293","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G893988950","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61774015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042730513","https://openalex.org/W2112006904","https://openalex.org/W2139455033","https://openalex.org/W2152050858","https://openalex.org/W2921310211","https://openalex.org/W2952433838","https://openalex.org/W3091936489","https://openalex.org/W3094335469","https://openalex.org/W3118022338","https://openalex.org/W3160741372"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2619153394","https://openalex.org/W2134439706","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W4236967454","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2589125258","https://openalex.org/W2911266525"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,12,18,48,78,121,154],"dual-core":[4],"quad-mode":[5],"millimeter-wave":[6],"(mm-wave)":[7],"voltage-controlled":[8],"oscillator":[9],"(VCO)":[10],"using":[11],"compact":[13,138],"multi-mode":[14,139],"LC":[15,29,140],"network":[16,141],"with":[17,47,64],"mode-independent":[19,32,55,144],"switched":[20,33,67,145],"transformer":[21,34,146],"technique.":[22,147],"On":[23],"top":[24],"of":[25,60,123,131],"the":[26,31,43,54,58,65,74,136,143],"dual-mode":[27],"main":[28],"tank,":[30],"technique":[35],"introduces":[36],"two":[37],"additional":[38],"oscillation":[39],"modes,":[40],"further":[41],"extending":[42],"frequency":[44,81],"tuning":[45,82,124],"range":[46,83,125],"small":[49],"chip":[50],"area":[51,127,161],"overhead,":[52],"while":[53],"feature":[56],"reduces":[57],"cost":[59],"switch":[61],"off-capacitance":[62],"compared":[63],"conventional":[66],"transformers.":[68],"Implemented":[69],"in":[70],"65nm":[71],"CMOS":[72],"process,":[73],"proposed":[75,137],"VCO":[76,149],"achieves":[77],"measured":[79,90,105],"octave":[80],"from":[84,101,116,153],"20.65":[85,102],"to":[86,120,135],"40.55":[87],"GHz.":[88,103],"The":[89,104,148,159],"best":[91,106],"phase":[92],"noise":[93],"is":[94,109,162],"-131.04":[95],"dBc/Hz":[96,111,133],"at":[97,112],"10":[98,113],"MHz":[99,114],"offset":[100,115],"figure-of-merit":[107,122],"(FoM)":[108],"187.25":[110],"26.66":[117],"GHz,":[118],"corresponding":[119],"and":[126,142],"(FoM":[128],"textsubscript":[129],"TA)":[130],"216.72":[132],"thanks":[134],"consumes":[150],"9.75-to-18.85":[151],"mW":[152],"0.65":[155],"V":[156],"supply":[157],"voltage.":[158],"core":[160],"0.048":[163],"mm2.":[164]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
