{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4376607860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169","title":"A High-Density and Reconfigurable SRAM-Based Digital Compute-In-Memory Macro for Low-Power AI Chips","display_name":"A High-Density and Reconfigurable SRAM-Based Digital Compute-In-Memory Macro for Low-Power AI Chips","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4376607860","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063517425","display_name":"Chuanghao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1819-7476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuanghao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350102","display_name":"Mingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5722-9752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026837092","display_name":"Yangzhan Mai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3895-4340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangzhan Mai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103228350","display_name":"Chengcheng Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-1274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017560036","display_name":"Zhiyi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics Science and Technology and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063517425"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4116,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97379712,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"9","first_page":"3589","last_page":"3593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.7680203318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.6910194158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6746703386306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6518649458885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5960926413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-bit","display_name":"4-bit","score":0.5909002423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.5738750100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/16-bit","display_name":"16-bit","score":0.5167021751403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4758719503879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4550600051879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.4539477825164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.38049930334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.26447781920433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15310347080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09387856721878052}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.7680203318595886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.6910194158554077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6746703386306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6518649458885193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5960926413536072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194986542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229932","display_name":"4-bit","level":3,"score":0.5909002423286438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.5738750100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33652231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194368","display_name":"16-bit","level":2,"score":0.5167021751403809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4758719503879547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4550600051879883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.4539477825164795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.38049930334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.26447781920433044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15310347080230713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09387856721878052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3276169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G273867796","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2757197344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62204271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8357081843","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011708","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009511314","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2606722458","https://openalex.org/W2922487710","https://openalex.org/W2969812992","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3015432327","https://openalex.org/W3044387456","https://openalex.org/W3091253119","https://openalex.org/W3091826466","https://openalex.org/W3135906938","https://openalex.org/W3213775513","https://openalex.org/W4220673325","https://openalex.org/W4253012315","https://openalex.org/W4284709838"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4237194903","https://openalex.org/W2997259386","https://openalex.org/W4306154295","https://openalex.org/W3163255384","https://openalex.org/W2248840171","https://openalex.org/W3006094194","https://openalex.org/W2028353274","https://openalex.org/W2609604197","https://openalex.org/W1489920911","https://openalex.org/W2175980536"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,57],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,51,113,134],"high-density":[4],"and":[5,75,79,84,103,139,148],"configurable":[6,61],"digital":[7,47],"SRAM-based":[8],"compute-in-memory":[9],"(CIM)":[10],"macro":[11,26],"that":[12],"performs":[13],"multiply-and-accumulation":[14],"(MAC)":[15],"operations":[16],"for":[17],"low-power":[18],"artificial":[19],"intelligence":[20],"(AI)":[21],"applications.":[22],"The":[23,116],"proposed":[24],"CIM":[25,88],"has":[27,104,118],"the":[28,32,87,98,105,127,131],"following":[29],"features:":[30],"1)":[31],"weight":[33,74],"bit-serial":[34,36],"activation":[35,80],"(WSAS)":[37],"MAC":[38],"arithmetic":[39],"significantly":[40],"reduces":[41],"computing":[42],"logic":[43],"area":[44],"overhead":[45],"in":[46,121],"CIM,":[48],"leading":[49],"to":[50,67,107],"much":[52],"higher":[53],"storage":[54],"density;":[55],"2)":[56],"design":[58,93,132],"supports":[59],"fully":[60],"bit":[62,147],"precision":[63],"ranging":[64],"from":[65,112],"1":[66,146],"16":[68,152],"bits":[69],"of":[70,136,142],"signed":[71],"or":[72],"unsigned":[73],"activation;":[76],"3)":[77],"Weight":[78],"are":[81],"both":[82],"stored":[83],"computed":[85],"within":[86],"macro,":[89],"which":[90],"makes":[91],"this":[92],"can":[94],"be":[95],"integrated":[96],"into":[97],"system":[99,114],"with":[100],"less":[101],"effort":[102],"potential":[106],"further":[108],"reduce":[109],"energy":[110,140],"consumption":[111],"perspective.":[115],"layout":[117],"been":[119],"implemented":[120],"40-nm":[122],"CMOS":[123],"technology.":[124],"Based":[125],"on":[126],"post-layout":[128],"simulation":[129],"results,":[130],"achieves":[133],"frequency":[135],"625":[137],"MHz":[138],"efficiency":[141],"497":[143],"TOPS/W":[144,150],"at":[145,151],"1.94":[149],"bit.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
