{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4315473692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888","title":"SpikeSen: Low-Latency In-Sensor-Intelligence Design With Neuromorphic Spiking Neurons","display_name":"SpikeSen: Low-Latency In-Sensor-Intelligence Design With Neuromorphic Spiking Neurons","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4315473692","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102009269","display_name":"Ziru Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-7953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziru Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1230-7953","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032094524","display_name":"Qilin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-1369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qilin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058073627","display_name":"Yiran Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1486-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100429403","display_name":"Hai Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-6544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hai Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3228-6544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6968,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67507354,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"6","first_page":"1876","last_page":"1880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8401786088943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6222257614135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5728396773338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5616436004638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-latency","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","score":0.4476097822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4288625717163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4236932098865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3071710765361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1395328938961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.08702564239501953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8401786088943481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6222257614135742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5728396773338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5616436004638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.4476097822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4288625717163086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4236932098865509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3071710765361786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1395328938961029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.08702564239501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2023.3235888","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1413169137","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Two-dimensional Synaptic Array for Advanced Hardware Acceleration of Deep Neural Networks","funder_award_id":"1955246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2830078906","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-19-2-0107","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3677370297","display_name":"FET: Small: RESONANCE: Accelerating Speech/Language Processing through Collective Training using Commodity ReRAM Chips","funder_award_id":"1910299","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W2016877264","https://openalex.org/W2049767724","https://openalex.org/W2060572274","https://openalex.org/W2067523571","https://openalex.org/W2130360162","https://openalex.org/W2132014979","https://openalex.org/W2511743527","https://openalex.org/W2592539811","https://openalex.org/W2774669597","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2920982882","https://openalex.org/W3009994855","https://openalex.org/W3092048635","https://openalex.org/W3174208823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2986579802","https://openalex.org/W4389237622","https://openalex.org/W3205411230","https://openalex.org/W4286899009","https://openalex.org/W9168048","https://openalex.org/W4300849822","https://openalex.org/W4376480820","https://openalex.org/W3155891479","https://openalex.org/W3029351463","https://openalex.org/W4308600690"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In-sensor-processing":[0],"(ISP)":[1],"paradigm":[2],"has":[3],"been":[4],"exploited":[5],"in":[6,82],"state-of-the-art":[7],"vision":[8,59],"system":[9,60],"designs":[10,40,119],"to":[11,116],"pave":[12],"the":[13,76,80,83,87,94],"way":[14],"towards":[15],"power-efficient":[16],"sensing":[17],"and":[18,26,46,78,91],"processing.":[19],"The":[20],"redundant":[21],"data":[22],"transmission":[23],"between":[24],"sensors":[25],"processors":[27],"is":[28],"significantly":[29],"minimized":[30],"by":[31],"local":[32],"computation":[33,81,113],"within":[34],"each":[35],"pixel.":[36,125],"However,":[37],"existing":[38,117],"ISP":[39,118],"suffer":[41],"from":[42],"limited":[43],"frame":[44],"rates":[45],"degraded":[47],"fill":[48],"factors.":[49],"In":[50],"this":[51],"brief,":[52],"we":[53],"introduce":[54],"a":[55],"low-latency":[56],"in-sensor-intelligence":[57],"neuromorphic":[58,62],"using":[61],"spiking":[63],"neurons,":[64],"namely":[65],"<monospace":[66,70,99],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[67,71,100,107],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">SpikeSen</monospace>":[68,72,101],".":[69],"directly":[73],"operates":[74],"on":[75],"photocurrents":[77],"executes":[79],"frequency":[84],"domain,":[85],"reducing":[86],"long":[88],"exposure":[89],"time":[90],"speeding":[92],"up":[93],"computation.":[95],"Experiments":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"can":[102],"achieve":[103],"more":[104],"than":[105],"<inline-formula":[106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[108],"<tex-math":[109],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$6.1\\times":[110],"$":[111],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[112],"speedup":[114],"compared":[115],"with":[120],"competitive":[121],"energy":[122],"consumption":[123],"per":[124]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}