{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312431464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108","title":"A Weight-Reload-Eliminated Compute-in-Memory Accelerator for 60 fps 4K Super-Resolution","display_name":"A Weight-Reload-Eliminated Compute-in-Memory Accelerator for 60 fps 4K Super-Resolution","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312431464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046057730","display_name":"Yaolei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-1275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaolei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6640-1275","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053627404","display_name":"Jinshan Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8234-7400"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinshan Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119392","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013493174","display_name":"Jingyu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-4165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7160-4165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101867082","display_name":"Chen Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6830-4113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101585745","display_name":"Yifan He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9171-3502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042337656","display_name":"Wenbin Jia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenbin Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031365461","display_name":"Kaiwei Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5319-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiwei Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103016903","display_name":"Lu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5136-1119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023755254","display_name":"Huazhong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huazhong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-353X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045721867","display_name":"Yongpan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-2309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongpan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4892-2309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046057730"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3061,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56132851,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"3","first_page":"1179","last_page":"1183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6385458707809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6335968971252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.6114943623542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dataflow","display_name":"Dataflow","score":0.5953322052955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macro","display_name":"Macro","score":0.4837217628955841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4573994278907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.44129207730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.3720102310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.364555299282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.32799509167671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22812291979789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2184978723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.1648692488670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16034895181655884}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6385458707809448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6335968971252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6114943623542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96324660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205446","display_name":"Dataflow","level":2,"score":0.5953322052955627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.4837217628955841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4573994278907776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.44129207730293274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3720102310180664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.364555299282074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.32799509167671204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22812291979789734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2184978723526001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.1648692488670349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16034895181655884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3221108","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1076488631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62106125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G213325492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62204256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4913793370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Z211100002121125","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","funder_display_name":"Beijing Nova Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5582252795","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61934005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7207054943","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BX20220330","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G818288671","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFA0701500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334978","display_name":"Beijing Nova Program","ror":"https://ror.org/034k14f91"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W54257720","https://openalex.org/W1999085092","https://openalex.org/W2503339013","https://openalex.org/W2627042741","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W3040726448","https://openalex.org/W3047237654","https://openalex.org/W3110378228","https://openalex.org/W3118709344","https://openalex.org/W3134304371","https://openalex.org/W3134526034","https://openalex.org/W3134750800","https://openalex.org/W3183954477","https://openalex.org/W4212888381","https://openalex.org/W4288083528","https://openalex.org/W4293057394"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2293118914","https://openalex.org/W2998381397","https://openalex.org/W4236419692","https://openalex.org/W2171015181","https://openalex.org/W3167919718","https://openalex.org/W4251718783","https://openalex.org/W4239447582","https://openalex.org/W1484403103","https://openalex.org/W2521947294","https://openalex.org/W2907307640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Convolutional":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(CNNs)":[3],"have":[4],"significantly":[5],"enhanced":[6,108],"the":[7,72,88,99,168],"quality":[8],"of":[9,83,92],"image":[10],"super-resolution":[11],"(SR).":[12],"However,":[13],"deploying":[14],"CNN":[15],"with":[16,49,112],"deeper":[17],"layers":[18],"for":[19,57],"real-time":[20],"60fps":[21],"and":[22,35,52,78,105,145,158],"higher":[23,29],"resolution":[24],"SR,":[25],"e.g.,":[26],"4K,":[27],"brings":[28],"performance":[30,45],"requirement,":[31],"incurring":[32],"huge":[33],"area":[34,53,106,147],"power":[36],"overhead":[37],"as":[38],"well.":[39],"In":[40],"this":[41],"brief,":[42],"a":[43],"high":[44,50,73,90,113],"compute-in-memory":[46],"(CIM)":[47],"accelerator":[48,121],"energy":[51,104,143],"efficiency":[54,107,144],"is":[55,117,135],"proposed":[56,120],"deep-layer":[58,100],"CNN-based":[59],"SR":[60,128],"(CNNSR).":[61],"It":[62,134],"adopts":[63],"alternate":[64],"time":[65],"division":[66],"serial":[67],"(ATS)":[68],"dataflow":[69],"to":[70,95],"guarantee":[71],"performance,":[74,125],"which":[75,149],"eliminates":[76],"frequent":[77],"time-consuming":[79],"weight":[80,96],"reload":[81],"operation":[82],"CIM":[84,110],"macros.":[85],"Moreover,":[86],"considering":[87],"extremely":[89],"ratio":[91,115],"computation":[93],"quantity":[94],"amount":[97],"in":[98],"CNNSR":[101,170],"scenario,":[102],"an":[103],"digital":[109],"macro":[111],"computation-to-memory":[114],"(CMR)":[116],"proposed.":[118],"The":[119],"achieves":[122],"33.3TOPS":[123],"peak":[124],"supporting":[126],"4K":[127],"at":[129],"no":[130],"less":[131],"than":[132,167],"60fps.":[133],"evaluated":[136],"under":[137],"TSMC":[138],"28nm":[139],"process,":[140],"achieving":[141],"13.96TOPS/W":[142],"1.85TOPS/mm2":[146],"efficiency,":[148],"are":[150],"<inline-formula":[151,159],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[152,160],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[153,161],"<tex-math":[154,162],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2.79\\times":[155],"$":[156,164],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[157,165],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2.2\\times":[163],"better":[166],"state-of-the-art":[169],"accelerator,":[171],"respectively.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
