{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312908886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747","title":"High-Reliability, Reconfigurable, and Fully Non-volatile Full-Adder Based on SOT-MTJ for Image Processing Applications","display_name":"High-Reliability, Reconfigurable, and Fully Non-volatile Full-Adder Based on SOT-MTJ for Image Processing Applications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312908886","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040447044","display_name":"Xing Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7134-4431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xing Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034446826","display_name":"Weichong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-6605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022883244","display_name":"Ximing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-8411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080839129","display_name":"Ningyuan Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6307-0004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ningyuan Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050199986","display_name":"Caihua Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5456-1052"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159876","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvf7v30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caihua Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159876","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073693047","display_name":"Mingkun Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8160-4476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159876","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvf7v30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingkun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159876","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028170495","display_name":"Xiufeng Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8053-793X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159876","display_name":"Institute of Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05cvf7v30","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210159876"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiufeng Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159876","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017560036","display_name":"Zhiyi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8802-0457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Information Processing Chips and Systems, School of Microelectronics Science and Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040447044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2929,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79646772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"781","last_page":"785"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.6271567940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5429553389549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.5114420652389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48997846245765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39370208978652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.33048832416534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3295196294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3280251622200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.32434576749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2446582317352295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.6271567940711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5429553389549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.5114420652389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48997846245765686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39370208978652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.33048832416534424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3295196294784546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3280251622200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.32434576749801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2446582317352295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3213747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8299999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G126202070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFA0206200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G216664441","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2202601","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4305356344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61834005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7437622746","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61902443","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011081164","https://openalex.org/W2093460958","https://openalex.org/W2102209351","https://openalex.org/W2103954785","https://openalex.org/W2110134128","https://openalex.org/W2110276925","https://openalex.org/W2113809410","https://openalex.org/W2176918303","https://openalex.org/W2550037452","https://openalex.org/W2585713259","https://openalex.org/W2804278822","https://openalex.org/W2895216356","https://openalex.org/W2912834930","https://openalex.org/W2941172511","https://openalex.org/W2966533375","https://openalex.org/W3000497601","https://openalex.org/W3105284836","https://openalex.org/W3110953700","https://openalex.org/W3127994335","https://openalex.org/W4229060356"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2595172197","https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W2084856301","https://openalex.org/W2127970246","https://openalex.org/W3217463396","https://openalex.org/W2885125400","https://openalex.org/W1989889224","https://openalex.org/W4382618745","https://openalex.org/W1973775000","https://openalex.org/W2183015194"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,4,16,99,109,128,134,137,141,149,154],"advent":[2],"of":[3,6,18,136,153],"era":[5],"big":[7],"data,":[8],"applications":[9],"such":[10,29],"as":[11,30],"image":[12,146,155],"processing":[13],"are":[14,77],"facing":[15],"bottleneck":[17],"power":[19,32],"consumption":[20],"and":[21,41,47,90,105,108,139,148],"speed.":[22],"Magnetic":[23],"tunnel":[24],"junctions":[25],"(MTJs)":[26],"offer":[27],"advantages":[28],"low":[31,34],"consumption,":[33],"interconnect":[35],"latency,":[36],"compatibility":[37],"with":[38,83,95],"CMOS":[39,48],"technology,":[40],"inherent":[42],"non-volatility.":[43],"Therefore,":[44],"hybrid":[45],"MTJ":[46,81],"design":[49,103,114],"is":[50],"considered":[51],"an":[52],"effective":[53],"means":[54],"to":[55,117],"overcome":[56],"these":[57],"limitations.":[58],"This":[59],"brief":[60],"focuses":[61],"on":[62,80],"a":[63],"reconfigurable":[64],"non-volatile":[65],"(NV)":[66],"architecture":[67],"through":[68],"which":[69],"different":[70],"performance":[71],"fully":[72],"NV":[73],"full":[74],"adders":[75],"(NV-FAs)":[76],"implemented":[78],"based":[79],"devices":[82],"spin-orbit":[84],"torque":[85],"(SOT)":[86],"switching.":[87],"We":[88],"verified":[89,133],"compared":[91],"our":[92,113],"proposed":[93],"designs":[94],"previous":[96],"work":[97],"using":[98],"28":[100],"nm":[101],"process":[102],"kit":[104],"SOT-MTJ":[106],"model,":[107],"results":[110],"show":[111],"that":[112],"has":[115],"up":[116],"<inline-formula":[118,162],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[119,163],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[120,164],"<tex-math":[121,165],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.6\\times":[122],"$":[123,167],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[124,168],"fewer":[125],"delays":[126],"than":[127],"state-of-the-art.":[129],"In":[130],"addition,":[131],"we":[132],"cascade":[135],"NV-FA":[138,144],"used":[140],"cascaded":[142],"8-bit":[143],"for":[145],"processing,":[147],"peak":[150],"signal-to-noise":[151],"ratio":[152],"after":[156],"Gaussian":[157],"filtering":[158],"was":[159],"improved":[160],"by":[161],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$1.17\\times":[166],".":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}