{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293057187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670","title":"A 27-dBm, 0.92-GHz CMOS Power Amplifier With Mode Switching and a High-Q Compact Inductor (HQCI) Achieving a 30% Back-Off PAE","display_name":"A 27-dBm, 0.92-GHz CMOS Power Amplifier With Mode Switching and a High-Q Compact Inductor (HQCI) Achieving a 30% Back-Off PAE","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293057187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018356968","display_name":"Arvind Singh Rawat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arvind Singh Rawat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9104-3388","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090402761","display_name":"Jagadheswaran Rajendran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-8462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jagadheswaran Rajendran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0313-8462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035721303","display_name":"Selvakumar Mariappan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-6894"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Selvakumar Mariappan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9659-6894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Microelectronic Design Excellence Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Georgetown, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111577545","display_name":"Narendra Kumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narendra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Department of ECE, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Department of ECE, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119392","display_name":"Institute of Microelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6gs133","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Microelectronics, Department of ECE, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Microelectronics, Department of ECE, State Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I4210119392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.596,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61475548,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"1","first_page":"121","last_page":"125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.7626250982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5614660382270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.529904842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5187487602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.45766809582710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.4459993541240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-gain","display_name":"Power gain","score":0.43630045652389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.4176782965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.38741010427474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3759292960166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3326033353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20106807351112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12460929155349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07014283537864685}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.7626250982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5614660382270813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.529904842376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5187487602233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.45766809582710266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.4459993541240692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98377741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236514","display_name":"Power gain","level":4,"score":0.43630045652389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.4176782965660095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38741010427474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3759292960166931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3326033353805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20106807351112366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12460929155349731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07014283537864685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3201670","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G831847907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RUI 1001/PCEDEC/801407.9","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","funder_display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322757","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580710730","https://openalex.org/W1992318339","https://openalex.org/W2046220893","https://openalex.org/W2048620270","https://openalex.org/W2202052483","https://openalex.org/W2216310286","https://openalex.org/W2290585096","https://openalex.org/W2330605519","https://openalex.org/W2556405260","https://openalex.org/W2894588381","https://openalex.org/W2971519441","https://openalex.org/W3089169372","https://openalex.org/W3096306470","https://openalex.org/W3162054429"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2229772108","https://openalex.org/W4200081002","https://openalex.org/W3133318595","https://openalex.org/W2921785217","https://openalex.org/W3134605291","https://openalex.org/W2793168931","https://openalex.org/W1943913841","https://openalex.org/W2187251235","https://openalex.org/W2103977955","https://openalex.org/W3217573464"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"reports":[2],"a":[3,25,37,65,70,80,108],"0.92-GHz":[4],"two-stage":[5],"power":[6,16,34,50,55,73,82,92,121],"amplifier":[7],"(PA)":[8],"in":[9,48,111],"130-nm":[10],"CMOS":[11],"process":[12],"with":[13,79,123],"improved":[14],"back-off":[15,105],"efficiency":[17,84],"and":[18,36,53,137],"linearity.":[19],"The":[20,42,67,88,146],"two":[21],"key":[22],"techniques":[23],"are:":[24],"switching":[26,116],"mechanism":[27],"for":[28,140],"adaptive":[29],"device":[30],"sizing":[31],"of":[32,76,86,119,153],"the":[33,104,117,120,124,141],"stage,":[35],"high-Q":[38],"compact":[39],"inductor":[40],"(HQCI).":[41],"PA":[43,68,147],"is":[44,113,131],"designed":[45],"to":[46,97],"operate":[47],"low":[49],"(LP)":[51],"mode":[52,57],"high":[54],"(HP)":[56],"by":[58,115],"using":[59],"an":[60,149],"NMOS":[61],"pass":[62],"transistor":[63],"as":[64],"switch.":[66,126],"measures":[69],"peak":[71,81],"output":[72,91,106],"($\\text{P}_{\\mathrm{":[74],"out}}$)":[75],"27":[77],"dBm":[78,95,130],"added":[83],"(PAE)":[85],"44%.":[87],"maximum":[89],"linear":[90],"reaches":[93],"21.5":[94,129],"thanks":[96],"our":[98],"unique":[99],"HQCI-based":[100],"output-matching":[101],"network.":[102],"At":[103],"power,":[107],"10%":[109],"increment":[110],"PAE":[112],"achieved":[114],"size":[118,152],"stage":[122],"MOS":[125],"Maximum$\\text{P}_{\\mathrm{":[127],"out}}$of":[128],"measured":[132],"below":[133],"\u221230":[134],"dBc":[135],"ACLR":[136],"4%":[138],"EVM":[139],"16-QAM/20-MHz":[142],"input":[143],"modulated":[144],"signal.":[145],"has":[148],"overall":[150],"chip":[151],"1.382":[154],"x":[155],"1.425":[156],"mm2.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}