{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4291653122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037","title":"VoAD: A Sub-\u03bcW Multiscene Voice Activity Detector Deploying Analog-Frontend Digital-Backend Circuits","display_name":"VoAD: A Sub-\u03bcW Multiscene Voice Activity Detector Deploying Analog-Frontend Digital-Backend Circuits","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4291653122","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030893320","display_name":"Yu Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2736-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100461621","display_name":"Bo Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-1054"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079498326","display_name":"Hao Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9794-8049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101499715","display_name":"Longxing Shi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0629-7154"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longxing Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023734605","display_name":"Weiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-8648"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiqiang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5030893320"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2976,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5006742,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"71","issue":"2","first_page":"837","last_page":"841"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11447","display_name":"Blind Source Separation Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6370958089828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.54256671667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5279594659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractor","display_name":"Extractor","score":0.5146880745887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.46952858567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.4601595401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4376836121082306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.42907026410102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42404067516326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4169141948223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.32496383786201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.321296751499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2875096797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.26723650097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2255222201347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14223527908325195}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6370958089828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.54256671667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5279594659805298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117978034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5422192","display_name":"Extractor","level":2,"score":0.5146880745887756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.46952858567237854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.4601595401763916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4376836121082306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.42907026410102844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42404067516326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4169141948223114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.32496383786201477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.321296751499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2875096797943115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.26723650097846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2255222201347351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14223527908325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3199037","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1999046666","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61874152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4070429046","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6250009899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB2202102","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517164593","https://openalex.org/W1974387177","https://openalex.org/W2033262157","https://openalex.org/W2077204677","https://openalex.org/W2766195687","https://openalex.org/W2791524226","https://openalex.org/W2797583228","https://openalex.org/W2889192039","https://openalex.org/W2899441512","https://openalex.org/W2921427074","https://openalex.org/W2944216546","https://openalex.org/W2969472291","https://openalex.org/W3009178428","https://openalex.org/W3034039317","https://openalex.org/W3158481788","https://openalex.org/W3201079535","https://openalex.org/W6750665317"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W3082848404","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W2945706271","https://openalex.org/W4387435415","https://openalex.org/W2114169842","https://openalex.org/W2535808783"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,38,48,155],"multi-scene":[4],"low":[5,69],"power":[6,110,146],"voice":[7,44],"activity":[8],"detector":[9],"deploying":[10],"both":[11],"analog":[12,26],"and":[13,58,68,85,115,148],"digital":[14],"circuit,":[15],"named":[16],"VoAD.":[17],"For":[18,42],"the":[19,25,43,79,83,99,130,134],"speech":[20],"feature":[21],"extractor":[22],"as":[23,46],"frontend,":[24],"circuit":[27],"is":[28,62],"integrated":[29],"with":[30,54,89,108,119,124],"an":[31,90],"extra":[32],"channel":[33],"for":[34],"noise":[35],"prediction":[36],"under":[37,152],"wide":[39,156],"SNR":[40,157],"range.":[41,158],"classifier":[45],"backend,":[47],"hybrid":[49],"neural":[50,80],"network":[51,81],"(HNN)":[52],"accelerator":[53],"precision-aware":[55],"approximate":[56,72],"computing":[57,73],"reconfigurable":[59],"work":[60],"modes":[61],"proposed":[63,135],"to":[64,77,129],"achieve":[65,104],"high":[66],"accuracy":[67,105,118,151],"power.":[70],"The":[71],"techniques":[74],"are":[75],"used":[76],"accelerate":[78],"layers,":[82],"batch-normalization":[84],"activation":[86],"layers.":[87],"Fabricated":[88],"industrial":[91],"22-nm":[92],"CMOS":[93],"process,":[94],"experimental":[95],"results":[96],"show":[97],"that":[98],"HNN":[100],"inspired":[101],"VoAD":[102,136],"can":[103],"upto":[106],"97.2%,":[107],"508nW":[109],"consumption":[111,147],"in":[112,121,154],"clean":[113],"scenes,":[114],"over":[116],"91.4%":[117],"578nW":[120],"noisy":[122],"scenes":[123],"\u22125dB":[125],"SNR,":[126],"respectively.":[127],"Compared":[128],"state-of-the-art":[131],"silicon-based":[132],"works,":[133],"realizes":[137],"sub-":[138],"<inline-formula":[139],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[141],"<tex-math":[142],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[143],"\\text{W}$":[144],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[145],"enhanced":[149],"recognition":[150],"multi-scenes":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}