{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4293211359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381","title":"CMOS Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for UHF RFID Reader Applications With Transformer-Based ISF Manipulation VCO","display_name":"CMOS Fractional-N Frequency Synthesizer for UHF RFID Reader Applications With Transformer-Based ISF Manipulation VCO","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4293211359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058929054","display_name":"Hyunki Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-4283"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunki Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9685-4283","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011935943","display_name":"Kyung\u2010Sik Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0040-3558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyung-Sik Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0040-3558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036733581","display_name":"Keun-Mok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-2188"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keun-Mok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0632-2188","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013040849","display_name":"Daehoon Jo","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daehoon Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025976594","display_name":"Jaeheon Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaeheon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077645312","display_name":"Jusung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-5910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145808223","display_name":"Hanbat National University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x514t95","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jusung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3501-5910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145808223"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044402615","display_name":"Jinho Ko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-8470"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinho Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6154-8470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SOC team, PHYCHIPS Inc., Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053636327","display_name":"Sang\u2010Gug Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-4090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sang-Gug Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8074-4090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47973347,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"10","first_page":"4083","last_page":"4087"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.8209092617034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ultra-high-frequency","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","score":0.8083665370941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.7726778984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7123779654502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6204136610031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5727330446243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.5204116106033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.46021759510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4590403735637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.45391562581062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.43352681398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.42431437969207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.4237290620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.398414671421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28542643785476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.13914427161216736}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.8209092617034912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96122199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628096","display_name":"Ultra high frequency","level":2,"score":0.8083665370941162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.7726778984069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7123779654502869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6204136610031128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.5938443541526794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5727330446243286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.5204116106033325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.46021759510040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4590403735637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.45391562581062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.43352681398391724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.42431437969207764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.4237290620803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.398414671421051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28542643785476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.13914427161216736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3186381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5301268336","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"21-CM-TN-11","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","funder_display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1500763588","https://openalex.org/W1987152343","https://openalex.org/W2024222085","https://openalex.org/W2039530467","https://openalex.org/W2065103588","https://openalex.org/W2095716178","https://openalex.org/W2118305368","https://openalex.org/W2133148670","https://openalex.org/W2135562542","https://openalex.org/W2142636197","https://openalex.org/W2317713607","https://openalex.org/W2521349449","https://openalex.org/W3111607930","https://openalex.org/W3134319786","https://openalex.org/W3158333615","https://openalex.org/W3189958273","https://openalex.org/W4239733953"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166555237","https://openalex.org/W2622028395","https://openalex.org/W2093119242","https://openalex.org/W2769992427","https://openalex.org/W2178871507","https://openalex.org/W2085674059","https://openalex.org/W1967648323","https://openalex.org/W2563014579","https://openalex.org/W2026158243","https://openalex.org/W2008479635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,45,56,66,70,88,137,159,171,183],"CMOS":[4,131],"fractional-N":[5],"frequency":[6,71,124,161,188],"synthesizer":[7,25,125,162],"for":[8,19,174],"UHF":[9,20,138,185],"RFID":[10,21,139,186],"reader":[11],"applications.":[12],"With":[13,156],"stringent":[14],"phase":[15],"noise":[16,51],"(PN)":[17],"specifications":[18],"transceiver,":[22],"our":[23,84,168],"proposed":[24,85],"is":[26,108,126],"designed":[27],"to":[28,79,111,158],"have":[29],"a":[30,129,134],"narrow":[31],"loop":[32,42],"bandwidth":[33],"and":[34,92,98,116,141,178],"<inline-formula":[35,148],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[36,149],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[37,150],"<tex-math":[38,151],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$2^{nd}$":[39],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[40,153],"-order":[41],"filter":[43],"as":[44,133],"optimum":[46],"solution":[47,86,169],"paired":[48],"with":[49,74,146],"low":[50],"VCO.":[52],"Then,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"transformer-based":[57],"impulse":[58],"sensitivity":[59],"function":[60],"(ISF)":[61],"manipulating":[62,82],"VCO":[63],"that":[64],"supports":[65],"target":[67,172],"PN":[68,89,173],"of":[69,105,136],"synthesizer,":[72],"albeit":[73],"large":[75],"pass-band":[76],"characteristic.":[77],"Compared":[78],"conventional":[80,112],"ISF":[81],"VCO,":[83],"improves":[87],"by":[90,114],"11.3":[91],"14.7":[93],"dB":[94,118],"at":[95,119,163],"10":[96],"kHz":[97],"1":[99],"MHz":[100],"offset":[101,121],"frequencies,":[102],"respectively.":[103],"Figure":[104],"merit":[106],"(FOM)":[107],"also":[109],"superior":[110],"one":[113],"7.4":[115],"10.9":[117],"aforementioned":[120],"frequencies.":[122],"The":[123],"implemented":[127],"in":[128],"55nm":[130],"technology":[132],"part":[135],"transmitter":[140],"consumes":[142],"38.4":[143],"mW":[144],"power":[145],"0.413":[147],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$mm^{2}$":[152],"active":[154],"area.":[155],"comparison":[157],"state-of-the-art":[160],"sub-6GHz":[164],"operating":[165,187],"frequency,":[166],"only":[167],"satisfies":[170],"EPC":[175],"global":[176],"standard":[177],"various":[179],"local":[180],"regulations":[181],"across":[182],"entire":[184],"range.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}