{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285255298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184","title":"An 8.9\u201371.3 TOPS/W Deep Learning Accelerator for Arbitrarily Quantized Neural Networks","display_name":"An 8.9\u201371.3 TOPS/W Deep Learning Accelerator for Arbitrarily Quantized Neural Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285255298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042758402","display_name":"Seunghyun Moon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-2666"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seunghyun Moon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-2666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011741776","display_name":"Kyeong-Jun Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kyeong-Jun Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7002-5973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133767555","display_name":"Han-Gyeol Mun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-1385"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Han-Gyeol Mun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8532-1385","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Convergence IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Byungjun Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-0793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Byungjun Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5453-0793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033088278","display_name":"Jae\u2010Yoon Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Yoon Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-6211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68860341,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"10","first_page":"4148","last_page":"4152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6067810654640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.5759029388427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5636287331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4449272155761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4170396327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3604620099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.3553409278392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3525615334510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3236128091812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3228488564491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13616040349006653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6067810654640198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.5759029388427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5636287331581116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4449272155761719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4170396327972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3604620099067688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.3553409278392792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3525615334510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3236128091812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3228488564491272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13616040349006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3185184","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2306713339","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019R1A5A1027055","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W100509257","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2748818695","https://openalex.org/W2793168176","https://openalex.org/W2883920103","https://openalex.org/W2897083155","https://openalex.org/W2979515806","https://openalex.org/W3015391117","https://openalex.org/W3134750800","https://openalex.org/W3137841151","https://openalex.org/W3183385172","https://openalex.org/W3213775513","https://openalex.org/W4220686330","https://openalex.org/W4247198796","https://openalex.org/W6696798448","https://openalex.org/W6720242923","https://openalex.org/W6739901393"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W1987679298","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W1965815883"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,24,35,58,91],"first":[4],"general-purpose":[5],"deep":[6],"learning":[7],"accelerator":[8,36,109],"for":[9,46,57],"arbitrarily":[10,28],"quantized":[11,29],"neural":[12],"networks.":[13],"A":[14],"pre-processing":[15],"and":[16,51,53,76],"corresponding":[17],"multiply-and-accumulate":[18],"operator":[19],"are":[20],"proposed":[21,62],"to":[22,44,55,88,99],"perform":[23,100],"vector":[25],"products":[26],"between":[27],"two":[30],"vectors.":[31],"As":[32],"a":[33,65,122],"result,":[34],"can":[37],"support":[38],"precision":[39,95],"scalability":[40],"of":[41,48,67,104,119,126,136],"quantization":[42],"up":[43,54],"4b":[45],"one":[47],"input":[49],"activation":[50],"weight,":[52],"8b":[56,93],"other,":[59],"respectively.":[60],"The":[61,107],"approach":[63],"shows":[64,132],"reduction":[66],"<inline-formula":[68,77],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[69,78],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[70,79],"<tex-math":[71,80],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.57\\times":[72],"$":[73,82],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[74,83],"area":[75],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$0.78\\times":[81],"power":[84],"consumption,":[85],"respectively,":[86],"compared":[87],"those":[89],"with":[90],"conventional":[92],"linear":[94],"which":[96],"is":[97],"required":[98],"an":[101,115,133],"equal":[102],"level":[103],"task":[105],"accuracy.":[106],"implemented":[108],"in":[110],"28nm":[111],"CMOS":[112],"operates":[113],"at":[114],"operating":[116],"frequency":[117],"range":[118,125],"100-to-250MHz":[120],"over":[121],"supply":[123],"voltage":[124],"0.75-to-1.2V.":[127],"Depending":[128],"on":[129],"configurations,":[130],"it":[131],"energy":[134],"efficiency":[135],"8.9-to-71.3TOPS/W.":[137]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}