{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285170000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344","title":"A 0.1-V V<sub>IN</sub> Subthreshold 3-Stage Dual-Branch Charge Pump With 43.4% Peak Power Conversion Efficiency Using Advanced Dynamic Gate-Bias","display_name":"A 0.1-V V<sub>IN</sub> Subthreshold 3-Stage Dual-Branch Charge Pump With 43.4% Peak Power Conversion Efficiency Using Advanced Dynamic Gate-Bias","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285170000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021675073","display_name":"Jack Kee Yong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jack Kee Yong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048516028","display_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harikrishnan Ramiah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3505-6525","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044279848","display_name":"Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-2965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishore Kumar Pakkirisami Churchill","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7856-2965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014871231","display_name":"Gabriel Chong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9985-2067"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel Chong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Analog & Logic ICs Department, Nexperia R&D Penang, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Analog & Logic ICs Department, Nexperia R&D Penang, Bayan Lepas, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033169668","display_name":"Saad Mekhilef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57093077","display_name":"Swinburne University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/031rekg67","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saad Mekhilef","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8544-8995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Computing and Engineering Technologies, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57093077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100706888","display_name":"Yong Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-1324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2794-1324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058845450","display_name":"Pui\u2010In Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pui-In Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3579-8740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106943352","display_name":"Rui P. Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui P. Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2821-648X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State-Key Laboratory of Analog and Mixed-Signal VLSI-IME/DECE-FST, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4879,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88925984,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"9","first_page":"3929","last_page":"3933"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11230","display_name":"Innovative Energy Harvesting Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10338","display_name":"Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmos-logic","display_name":"PMOS logic","score":0.8723844289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.859263002872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subthreshold-conduction","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","score":0.7226210832595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.638716459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-pump","display_name":"Charge pump","score":0.6062218546867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5852046012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.5489174127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5399243235588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5359251499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/threshold-voltage","display_name":"Threshold voltage","score":0.5186971426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biasing","display_name":"Biasing","score":0.5128329396247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5031480193138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.4804617762565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4445226192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-gate","display_name":"Logic gate","score":0.4288167953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.426284521818161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.31233108043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24975821375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14209648966789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.08332067728042603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27050352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173605","display_name":"PMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.8723844289779663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.859263002872467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156465305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1658601","display_name":"Subthreshold conduction","level":4,"score":0.7226210832595825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.638716459274292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114825011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440704","display_name":"Charge pump","level":4,"score":0.6062218546867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5852046012878418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.5489174127578735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5399243235588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5359251499176025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195370968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1754002","display_name":"Threshold voltage","level":4,"score":0.5186971426010132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20254490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q719550","display_name":"Biasing","level":3,"score":0.5128329396247864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5031480193138123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.4804617762565613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4445226192474365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131017901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170451","display_name":"Logic gate","level":2,"score":0.4288167953491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.426284521818161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.31233108043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24975821375846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14209648966789246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.08332067728042603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3182344","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1772555729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T05C2-19(PV026-2020)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317041","funder_display_name":"Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology Centre"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317041","display_name":"Collaborative Research in Engineering, Science and Technology Centre","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2011559545","https://openalex.org/W2018692660","https://openalex.org/W2079182753","https://openalex.org/W2111323554","https://openalex.org/W2119807774","https://openalex.org/W2241337029","https://openalex.org/W2396488686","https://openalex.org/W2593474572","https://openalex.org/W2601513460","https://openalex.org/W2766325655","https://openalex.org/W2915028910","https://openalex.org/W2942446342","https://openalex.org/W2965608219","https://openalex.org/W2968335130","https://openalex.org/W3004999427","https://openalex.org/W3091891573","https://openalex.org/W3094430436","https://openalex.org/W3145497869","https://openalex.org/W4210675103"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386261925","https://openalex.org/W2082944690","https://openalex.org/W2263373136","https://openalex.org/W2104885411","https://openalex.org/W2023334077","https://openalex.org/W2005494397","https://openalex.org/W1914349328","https://openalex.org/W2918058197","https://openalex.org/W2384021593","https://openalex.org/W2379197520"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,81,85],"3-stage":[4],"dual-branch":[5],"charge":[6],"pump":[7],"(CP)":[8],"with":[9,35,71],"an":[10,39,43],"advanced":[11,40],"dynamic":[12],"gate-biasing":[13],"technique":[14],"(DGB)":[15],"enabling":[16],"ultra-low-voltage":[17],"(0.1":[18],"V)":[19],"energy":[20],"harvesting.":[21],"Specifically,":[22],"we":[23,49],"reduce":[24],"the":[25,30,36,51,54,58,64,68],"forward":[26],"conduction":[27],"loss":[28,34],"and":[29,42,57],"reverse":[31],"current":[32],"leakage":[33],"combination":[37],"of":[38,63],"DGB":[41],"NMOS-PMOS":[44],"dual-switch":[45],"transistor":[46],"pair.":[47],"Also,":[48],"investigate":[50],"relationship":[52],"between":[53],"pumping":[55],"capacitance":[56],"power":[59],"conversion":[60],"efficiency":[61],"(PCE)":[62],"CP,":[65],"thus":[66],"guiding":[67],"PCE":[69,83],"improvement":[70],"minimal":[72],"capacitance.":[73],"The":[74],"prototype":[75],"fabricated":[76],"in":[77],"65-nm":[78],"CMOS":[79],"achieves":[80],"43.4%":[82],"at":[84],"0.1-V":[86],"input":[87],"voltage.":[88]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
