{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210923376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818","title":"An Energy-Efficient High CSNR XNOR and Accumulation Scheme for BNN","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient High CSNR XNOR and Accumulation Scheme for BNN","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210923376","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081698284","display_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-5909"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinesh Kushwaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3446-5909","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035493651","display_name":"Ashish Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-7514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146682","display_name":"Intel (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2n1245","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700","https://openalex.org/I4210146682"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["IP Engineering Group&#x2019;s (IPG), Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3731-7514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IP Engineering Group&#x2019;s (IPG), Intel Technology India Pvt. Ltd., Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085045684","display_name":"Chaudhry Indra Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I863896202","display_name":"Delhi Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ztcvt22","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaudhry Indra Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7605-3630","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Delhi Technological University, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I863896202"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101433801","display_name":"Neha Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-7810"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neha Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6739-7810","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026474122","display_name":"Sandeep Miryala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-1745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200870766","display_name":"Brookhaven National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02ex6cf31","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I200870766","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I4210142672"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandeep Miryala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instrumentation Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1277-1745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instrumentation Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200870766"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105554115","display_name":"Rajiv Joshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7486-1531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv V. Joshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064560509","display_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4044-1594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sudeb Dasgupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031850929","display_name":"Anand Bulusu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154851008","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee","ror":"https://ror.org/00582g326","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anand Bulusu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3986-3730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154851008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9685,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71305038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"4","first_page":"2311","last_page":"2315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.5795416831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.42465686798095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4104050397872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.39037734270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.1942524015903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14987784624099731}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.5795416831970215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.42965370416641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.42465686798095703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4104050397872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.39037734270095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.1942524015903473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14987784624099731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2022.3149818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306087","display_name":"Semiconductor Research Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/047z4n946"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2300242332","https://openalex.org/W2591601611","https://openalex.org/W2792893539","https://openalex.org/W2799725986","https://openalex.org/W2920326572","https://openalex.org/W2921013323","https://openalex.org/W2922487710","https://openalex.org/W2964176059","https://openalex.org/W2966524683","https://openalex.org/W2981124343","https://openalex.org/W3000301330","https://openalex.org/W3016014942","https://openalex.org/W3020759376","https://openalex.org/W3026786299","https://openalex.org/W3135906938","https://openalex.org/W3158340984"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W4245490552","https://openalex.org/W4225152035","https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W1587224694","https://openalex.org/W2042127053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"brief,":[2],"we":[3],"present":[4],"an":[5],"energy-efficient":[6],"and":[7,14,32,55,89,102,110,151],"high":[8,33],"compute":[9,28,112],"signal-to-noise":[10],"ratio":[11],"(CSNR)":[12],"XNOR":[13,41],"accumulation":[15],"(XAC)":[16],"scheme":[17,69,145],"for":[18,35],"binary":[19],"neural":[20],"networks":[21],"(BNNs).":[22],"Transmission":[23],"gates":[24],"achieve":[25],"a":[26],"large":[27],"signal":[29],"margin":[30],"(CSM)":[31],"CSNR":[34],"accurate":[36],"XAC":[37,47,61,68,96,115,120,144],"operation.":[38,62],"The":[39,63,83,118],"10T1C":[40],"SRAM":[42],"bit-cell":[43],"performs":[44],"the":[45,51,66,73],"in-memory":[46,113],"operation":[48,97],"without":[49],"pre-charging":[50],"larger":[52],"bitline":[53],"capacitances":[54],"significantly":[56],"reducing":[57],"energy":[58,93],"consumption":[59,94],"per":[60,95],"validation":[64],"of":[65,87,92,135],"proposed":[67,119,143],"is":[70,146],"done":[71],"through":[72],"post-layout":[74],"simulations":[75,140],"in":[76,124],"65nm":[77],"CMOS":[78],"technology":[79],"with$V_{DD}$of":[80],"1":[81,85],"V.":[82],"achieved":[84],"ns":[86],"latency":[88],"2.36":[90],"fJ":[91],"are":[98],"($7.2\\times":[99],"$,$7.2\\times":[100],"$)":[101,105,133],"($2\\times":[103],"$,$1.31\\times":[104],"lower":[106],"than":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"digital":[109],"analog":[111],"(CIM)":[114],"schemes":[116],"respectively.":[117],"design":[121],"achieves$8.6\\times":[122],"$improvement":[123],"figure-of-merit":[125],"(FoM),":[126],"over":[127],"prior":[128],"state-of-the-art.":[129],"Moreover,":[130],"($\\sigma":[131],"/\\mu":[132],"average":[134],"0.2%":[136],"from":[137],"Monte":[138],"Carlo":[139],"show":[141],"that":[142],"robust":[147],"against":[148],"systematic":[149],"mismatch":[150],"process":[152],"variations.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
