{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3212055913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","title":"A Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator With Continuous-Time Delay-Based Integrator","display_name":"A Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulator With Continuous-Time Delay-Based Integrator","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3212055913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","mag":"3212055913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069508964","display_name":"Jiu Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiu Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2375-621X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100327033","display_name":"Jin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-5688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0384-5688","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035105400","display_name":"Hoi Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-6887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0849,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40325833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"914","last_page":"918"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.6951919198036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6642245054244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.394130140542984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.38102656602859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.3720528185367584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3531959354877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32674750685691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19303321838378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.133315771818161}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.6951919198036194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6642245054244995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.394130140542984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.38102656602859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3720528185367584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3531959354877472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32674750685691833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19303321838378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.133315771818161}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3127024","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494435486","https://openalex.org/W1555512645","https://openalex.org/W2004102194","https://openalex.org/W2044826115","https://openalex.org/W2052225753","https://openalex.org/W2054030566","https://openalex.org/W2093889062","https://openalex.org/W2107964070","https://openalex.org/W2885090074","https://openalex.org/W2921914467","https://openalex.org/W2964880907","https://openalex.org/W2972064974","https://openalex.org/W3015629652"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976391040","https://openalex.org/W2157118673","https://openalex.org/W2913428688","https://openalex.org/W3097708393","https://openalex.org/W2016777110","https://openalex.org/W1624221390","https://openalex.org/W574432569","https://openalex.org/W2109445684","https://openalex.org/W2081082331","https://openalex.org/W1482165582"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,49,112],"continuous-time":[4,14],"sigma-delta":[5],"modulator":[6,51,74],"with":[7,60],"new":[9],"integrator":[10,47],"design":[11,52],"based":[12],"on":[13],"delays.":[15],"It":[16,31,125],"eliminates":[17],"the":[18,29,37],"need":[19],"for":[20,28,36,64],"high":[21,61],"gain":[22,27],"amplifiers,":[23],"while":[24,108],"providing":[25],"loop":[26,39],"modulator.":[30],"can":[32,54],"also":[33],"intrinsically":[34],"compensate":[35],"excess":[38],"delay":[40],"without":[41],"additional":[42],"feedback":[43],"paths.":[44],"The":[45],"proposed":[46],"enables":[48],"compact":[50],"that":[53,91],"operate":[55],"under":[56],"low":[57],"supply":[58],"voltages":[59],"power":[62],"efficiency":[63],"better":[65],"process":[66],"scalability.":[67],"A":[68,115],"2":[69],"<sup":[70,130],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[71,81,118,131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">nd</sup>":[72],"order":[73],"prototype":[75],"was":[76],"fabricated":[77],"in":[78],"0.18-":[79],"<inline-formula":[80],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[82],"<tex-math":[83],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\boldsymbol{\\mu":[84],"}\\text{m}$":[85],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[86],"CMOS.":[87],"Measurement":[88],"results":[89],"show":[90],"it":[92],"has":[93],"66dB":[94],"dynamic":[95],"range":[96],"and":[97],"60dB":[98],"SNDR":[99],"over":[100],"4MHz":[101],"signal":[102],"bandwidth":[103],"at":[104],"500MHz":[105],"sampling":[106],"frequency,":[107],"dissipating":[109],"1.92mW":[110],"from":[111],"1.4V":[113],"supply.":[114],"FOM":[116],"<sub":[117],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">W</sub>":[119],"of":[120,133],"286":[121],"fJ/conversion":[122],"is":[123],"achieved.":[124],"only":[126],"occupies":[127],"0.039":[128],"mm":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[132],"chip":[134],"area.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}