{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210059290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","title":"An Efficient Stochastic Convolution Architecture Based on Fast FIR Algorithm","display_name":"An Efficient Stochastic Convolution Architecture Based on Fast FIR Algorithm","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210059290","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","mag":"3210059290"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089405414","display_name":"Huizheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9763-8208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huizheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039571679","display_name":"Weihong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-3353"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California, San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027587940","display_name":"Zaichen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-8713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zaichen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380082","display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7736-6487"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LEADS and the National Mobile Communication Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089405414"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350","https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0105,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76122367,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"984","last_page":"988"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11321","display_name":"Error Correcting Code Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-computing","display_name":"Stochastic computing","score":0.8811233043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6934727430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mnist-database","display_name":"MNIST database","score":0.6428783535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.603233814239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5906798243522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.590103030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5578857660293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.5056347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.4944617748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.4430277943611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.32562965154647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.24300438165664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.10775339603424072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780971903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2933705","display_name":"Stochastic computing","level":3,"score":0.8811233043670654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6934727430343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190502265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069496","display_name":"MNIST database","level":3,"score":0.6428783535957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.603233814239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5906798243522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.590103030204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5578857660293579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.5056347846984863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.4944617748260498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.4430277943611145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.32562965154647827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.24300438165664673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.10775339603424072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3121081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1678299440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB2205503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G252193065","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G646053297","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62122020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324856","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1672699986","https://openalex.org/W2034160227","https://openalex.org/W2098470668","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2290548492","https://openalex.org/W2503066070","https://openalex.org/W2557842770","https://openalex.org/W2587815976","https://openalex.org/W2614053718","https://openalex.org/W2625226188","https://openalex.org/W2770265919","https://openalex.org/W2772308786","https://openalex.org/W2783243969","https://openalex.org/W2800645941","https://openalex.org/W2874662585","https://openalex.org/W2900009113","https://openalex.org/W2913573286","https://openalex.org/W2944948997","https://openalex.org/W2945611782","https://openalex.org/W3011832990","https://openalex.org/W3024182033","https://openalex.org/W3090420559","https://openalex.org/W4243261588","https://openalex.org/W4251476106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942878414","https://openalex.org/W2946942415","https://openalex.org/W2950724244","https://openalex.org/W4285057163","https://openalex.org/W3006566323","https://openalex.org/W4285409154","https://openalex.org/W4391183369","https://openalex.org/W4226092179","https://openalex.org/W4306791972","https://openalex.org/W4400134053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"utilizing":[1],"stochastic":[2],"computing":[3],"(SC),":[4],"the":[5,36,83,87,99,116,139],"hardware":[6],"consumption":[7],"of":[8,44,89],"convolutional":[9],"neural":[10],"networks":[11],"(CNNs)":[12],"can":[13],"be":[14],"decreased":[15],"significantly.":[16],"However,":[17],"long":[18,42],"stream":[19],"length":[20],"is":[21,76,95],"required":[22],"to":[23,29,81,97,138],"produce":[24],"acceptable":[25],"results,":[26],"which":[27],"leads":[28],"extended":[30],"computation":[31],"time.":[32],"As":[33],"a":[34],"result,":[35],"inherent":[37],"random":[38,46],"fluctuation":[39],"error":[40],"and":[41,92,110,127,135],"latency":[43],"processing":[45,100],"bitstreams":[47],"have":[48],"made":[49],"previous":[50,124],"SC-CNN":[51],"implementations":[52],"inefficient":[53],"compared":[54,137],"with":[55,107],"conventional":[56],"binary":[57],"designs.":[58],"To":[59],"address":[60],"these":[61],"issues,":[62],"in":[63,133],"this":[64],"brief,":[65],"an":[66],"efficient":[67],"convolution":[68],"architecture":[69],"based":[70],"on":[71],"fast":[72],"FIR":[73],"algorithm":[74],"(FFA)":[75],"proposed":[77,117],"by":[78],"employing":[79],"FFA":[80],"reduce":[82],"computational":[84],"complexity.":[85],"Further,":[86],"combination":[88],"two-line":[90],"SC":[91],"Sobol":[93],"sequences":[94],"applied":[96],"decrease":[98],"cycles.":[101],"The":[102],"functional":[103],"simulation":[104],"targeting":[105],"LeNet-5":[106],"MNIST":[108],"dataset":[109],"RTL":[111],"synthesis":[112],"results":[113],"show":[114],"that":[115],"design":[118,142],"yields":[119],"higher":[120,131],"area":[121,134],"efficiency":[122,132],"than":[123],"SC-based":[125],"ones":[126],"achieves":[128],"64%,":[129],"11%":[130],"energy":[136],"5-bit":[140],"fixed-point":[141],"while":[143],"maintaining":[144],"comparable":[145],"accuracy.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-06T13:50:29.536080","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}