{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194689828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","title":"A 310 nW Temperature Sensor Achieving 9.8 mK Resolution Using a DFLL-Based Readout Circuit","display_name":"A 310 nW Temperature Sensor Achieving 9.8 mK Resolution Using a DFLL-Based Readout Circuit","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194689828","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","mag":"3194689828"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101428944","display_name":"Aditi Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-3547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aditi Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2539-3547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043620679","display_name":"Haowei Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-0507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153776","display_name":"Apple (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/059hsda18","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153776"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowei Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","Apple Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7120-0507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Apple Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033250095","display_name":"Corentin Pochet","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-340X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Corentin Pochet","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3826-340X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040823901","display_name":"Drew A. Hall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-074X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I36258959","display_name":"University of California San Diego","ror":"https://ror.org/0168r3w48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Drew A. Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-074X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101428944"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I36258959"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2201,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78927394,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"3","first_page":"704","last_page":"708"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheatstone-bridge","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","score":0.7135961055755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistor","display_name":"Resistor","score":0.5839167237281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5254249572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4726730287075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.4414512515068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/settling-time","display_name":"Settling time","score":0.4257078170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.415131539106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.40377670526504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3836733400821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3616797626018524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33279579877853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.33145418763160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.25799083709716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18207842111587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.15254253149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/step-response","display_name":"Step response","score":0.11716616153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.11198139190673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08815112709999084}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104713690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245133","display_name":"Wheatstone bridge","level":4,"score":0.7135961055755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137488568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5321","display_name":"Resistor","level":3,"score":0.5839167237281799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5254249572753906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4726730287075043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.4414512515068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.4257078170776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.415131539106369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.40377670526504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3836733400821686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3616797626018524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33279579877853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.33145418763160706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25799083709716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18207842111587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.15254253149032593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160030872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2142864","display_name":"Step response","level":2,"score":0.11716616153717041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.11198139190673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08815112709999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3106265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9200000166893005,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087509188","https://openalex.org/W2154332266","https://openalex.org/W2580708964","https://openalex.org/W2594304245","https://openalex.org/W2801349200","https://openalex.org/W2801932545","https://openalex.org/W2802661585","https://openalex.org/W2809857781","https://openalex.org/W2897048066","https://openalex.org/W2966370334","https://openalex.org/W3011344043","https://openalex.org/W3020828971","https://openalex.org/W3040027038","https://openalex.org/W3045193417","https://openalex.org/W3080248049","https://openalex.org/W4247501545"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3130562801","https://openalex.org/W3003398428","https://openalex.org/W3198253637","https://openalex.org/W3022667620","https://openalex.org/W3023349554","https://openalex.org/W3001449083","https://openalex.org/W4304698420","https://openalex.org/W1570803819","https://openalex.org/W2502630060","https://openalex.org/W4238176043"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,85],"brief":[1],"reports":[2],"a":[3,17,34,48,65,80,88],"high-performance,":[4],"low-power":[5],"temperature":[6,36],"sensor":[7],"suitable":[8],"for":[9],"wireless":[10],"IoT":[11],"devices/RFID":[12],"tags.":[13],"The":[14],"system":[15],"utilizes":[16],"mostly":[18],"digital":[19,49],"approach":[20],"to":[21,59],"achieve":[22],"energy-efficient,":[23],"sub-":[24],"<inline-formula":[25,91],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[26,92],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[27,93],"<tex-math":[28,94],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mu":[29],"\\text{W}$":[30],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[31,98],"operation":[32],"with":[33],"resistor-based":[35],"sensor.":[37],"A":[38],"sampled,":[39],"incomplete-settling,":[40],"switched-capacitor-based":[41],"Wheatstone":[42],"bridge":[43],"is":[44],"read":[45],"out":[46],"using":[47],"frequency-locked":[50],"loop":[51],"(DFLL)":[52],"while":[53],"harnessing":[54],"the":[55],"quasi-periodic":[56],"limit":[57],"cycles":[58],"reduce":[60],"in-band":[61],"noise.":[62],"Implemented":[63],"in":[64,79,87],"65":[66],"nm":[67],"CMOS":[68],"process,":[69],"it":[70],"consumes":[71],"310":[72],"nW":[73],"and":[74,101],"achieves":[75],"9.8":[76],"mK":[77],"resolution":[78],"10":[81],"ms":[82],"conversion":[83],"time.":[84],"results":[86],"297":[89],"fJ":[90],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${\\mathrm":[95],"{\\cdot":[96],"}}\\text{K}~^{2}$":[97],"figure-of-merit":[99],"(FoM)":[100],"low":[102],"energy":[103],"(3.1":[104],"nJ/meas.).":[105]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}