{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4249476571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526","title":"Real-Time Hardware-Based Malware and Micro-Architectural Attack Detection Utilizing CMOS Reservoir Computing","display_name":"Real-Time Hardware-Based Malware and Micro-Architectural Attack Detection Utilizing CMOS Reservoir Computing","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4249476571","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057502115","display_name":"Sanjeev Tannirkulam Chandrasekaran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-7676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sanjeev Tannirkulam Chandrasekaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-7676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008783013","display_name":"Abraham Peedikayil Kuruvila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-5083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Peedikayil Kuruvila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UT Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-5083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UT Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066320524","display_name":"Kanad Basu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanad Basu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UT Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6431-7512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, UT Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005496543","display_name":"Arindam Sanyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arindam Sanyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-6291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4674,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85341694,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"2","first_page":"349","last_page":"353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9427000284194946,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7525885105133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.7037489414215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.6540935635566711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5899920463562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5290369391441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.46020975708961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.44076260924339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.4398949146270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2596970796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.2289365530014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21531108021736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.11296308040618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10584911704063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10514417290687561}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7525885105133057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.7037489414215088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.6540935635566711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5899920463562012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5290369391441345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.46020975708961487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.44076260924339294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.4398949146270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2596970796585083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.2289365530014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21531108021736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.11296308040618896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10584911704063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10514417290687561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3102526","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2004296335","https://openalex.org/W2036451492","https://openalex.org/W2095089117","https://openalex.org/W2156499539","https://openalex.org/W2163563130","https://openalex.org/W2256527444","https://openalex.org/W2315350509","https://openalex.org/W2344380211","https://openalex.org/W2792326895","https://openalex.org/W2807415350","https://openalex.org/W2955425106","https://openalex.org/W2963311060","https://openalex.org/W2976763854","https://openalex.org/W3007346474","https://openalex.org/W4232751114","https://openalex.org/W6762976101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W2249809453","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W4316881845"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"work":[2],"we":[3],"demonstrate":[4],"a":[5,68],"novel":[6],"CMOS":[7,14],"reservoir":[8],"computer":[9],"(RC)":[10],"prototype":[11],"in":[12,24],"65nm":[13,33],"that":[15],"is":[16],"capable":[17],"of":[18],"detecting":[19],"Malware":[20,43],"and":[21,38,44,58],"micro-architectural":[22,45],"attacks":[23,46],"real-time":[25],"utilizing":[26],"hardware":[27],"performance":[28,52],"counter":[29],"(HPC)":[30],"traces.":[31],"A":[32],"test":[34],"chip":[35],"achieves":[36],"96.8%":[37],"96.5%":[39],"accuracy":[40],"when":[41],"classifying":[42],"respectively,":[47],"while":[48,71],"achieving":[49],"better":[50],"classification":[51],"than":[53],"digital":[54],"machine":[55],"learning":[56],"models":[57],"with":[59],"lower":[60],"energy":[61],"consumption.":[62],"The":[63],"on-chip":[64],"classifier":[65],"consumes$38.2~\\mu":[66],"\\text{W}$from":[67],"1.2V":[69],"supply":[70],"running":[72],"at":[73],"40kHz.":[74]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
