{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3178693675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","title":"A 26GHz Fractional-N Digital Frequency Synthesizer Leveraging Noise Profiles of Three Functional Stages","display_name":"A 26GHz Fractional-N Digital Frequency Synthesizer Leveraging Noise Profiles of Three Functional Stages","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3178693675","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","mag":"3178693675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008858603","display_name":"Seongun Bae","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-1481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongun Bae","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2122-1481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085942730","display_name":"Minseob Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minseob Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0108-1378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033378956","display_name":"Hwasuk Cho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250650973","display_name":"Samsung (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hwasuk Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Device Solutions Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South~Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Device Solutions Division, Samsung Electronics, Hwasung, South~Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250650973"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033088278","display_name":"Jae\u2010Yoon Sim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-6211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","display_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04xysgw12","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-Yoon Sim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1814-6211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0983,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40729272,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"9","first_page":"3063","last_page":"3067"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.8667888641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/direct-digital-synthesizer","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","score":0.8443994522094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.8034911155700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6286007165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-multiplier","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","score":0.6078563928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5681582093238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5624715089797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5442836284637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.47669026255607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.47340139746665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4536033868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.3659061789512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26049309968948364}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.8667888641357422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166089067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1227465","display_name":"Direct digital synthesizer","level":5,"score":0.8443994522094727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.8034911155700684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6286007165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146002875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074289","display_name":"Frequency multiplier","level":3,"score":0.6078563928604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5681582093238831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5624715089797974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5442836284637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.47669026255607605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.47340139746665955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4536033868789673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.3659061789512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26049309968948364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3094932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oasis.postech.ac.kr:2014.oak/113072","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/113072","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401965","display_name":"Open Access System for Information Sharing (Pohang University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123900574","host_organization_name":"Pohang University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123900574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G36591530","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SRFC-IT1802-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","funder_display_name":"Samsung"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332195","display_name":"Samsung","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3jy968"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967020551","https://openalex.org/W1983134786","https://openalex.org/W2120935131","https://openalex.org/W2592938564","https://openalex.org/W2593659858","https://openalex.org/W2743093627","https://openalex.org/W2789364534","https://openalex.org/W2791742617","https://openalex.org/W2801331088","https://openalex.org/W2920848205","https://openalex.org/W2944283480","https://openalex.org/W2982033980","https://openalex.org/W3015520279","https://openalex.org/W3030003518","https://openalex.org/W3081671533","https://openalex.org/W3083429320","https://openalex.org/W4248108322","https://openalex.org/W6775731165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3145870900","https://openalex.org/W2350523680","https://openalex.org/W2353586717","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2379961307","https://openalex.org/W2376421545","https://openalex.org/W2093119242","https://openalex.org/W2769992427","https://openalex.org/W2374761771","https://openalex.org/W2354027044"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,43,90],"low-noise":[4,45],"millimeter-wave":[5],"fractional-N":[6],"digital":[7,22,29],"frequency":[8,18,23,70],"synthesizer":[9,24,71],"architecture.":[10],"It":[11],"is":[12],"formed":[13],"by":[14,47],"cascading":[15],"an":[16,20,26,77,83,94],"injection-locked":[17],"multiplier,":[19],"open-loop":[21],"and":[25,93],"integer-N":[27],"LC":[28],"phase-locked":[30],"loop.":[31],"Though":[32],"the":[33,39,49,57],"individual":[34],"blocks":[35],"are":[36],"not":[37],"novel,":[38],"combination":[40],"synergically":[41],"achieves":[42],"stable":[44],"performance":[46],"leveraging":[48],"merits":[50],"of":[51,59,80,87,98],"three":[52],"functional":[53],"stages":[54],"while":[55],"suppressing":[56],"demerits":[58],"them":[60],"without":[61],"any":[62],"complicated":[63],"calibration":[64],"or":[65],"time-consuming":[66],"optimization.":[67],"The":[68],"implemented":[69],"in":[72],"40nm":[73],"CMOS":[74],"process":[75],"shows":[76],"integrated":[78],"jitter":[79],"196fs":[81],"with":[82],"in-band":[84,95],"phase":[85],"noise":[86],"-93.5dBc/Hz":[88],"at":[89],"100kHz":[91],"offset":[92],"fractional":[96],"spur":[97],"-59.4dBc.":[99]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}