{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173569316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","title":"MHLCNN: Multi-Harmonic Linkage CNN Model for SSVEP and SSMVEP Signal Classification","display_name":"MHLCNN: Multi-Harmonic Linkage CNN Model for SSVEP and SSMVEP Signal Classification","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173569316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","mag":"3173569316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080578053","display_name":"Weidong Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-4853"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5898-4853","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100722832","display_name":"Mengyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-5898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-5898","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067891086","display_name":"Dongmei Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-4049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongmei Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-4049","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082785858","display_name":"Xinlin Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinlin Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5257-6285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"school of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082820311","display_name":"Zhongke Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-202X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhongke Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. (e-mail: zhongkegao@tju.edu.cn)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9551-202X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China. (e-mail: zhongkegao@tju.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.614,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82176109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"1","first_page":"244","last_page":"248"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7453024387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain\u2013computer-interface","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","score":0.7403602600097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6468023061752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.5566883683204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5435045957565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5373690724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.49941492080688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.447500616312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-evoked-potentials","display_name":"Visual evoked potentials","score":0.4347352385520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10504409670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.07878485321998596}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7453024387359619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173201364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q897410","display_name":"Brain\u2013computer interface","level":3,"score":0.7403602600097656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6468023061752319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.5566883683204651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5435045957565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5373690724372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.49941492080688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.447500616312027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018323323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618678","display_name":"Visual evoked potentials","level":2,"score":0.4347352385520935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10504409670829773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.07878485321998596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3091803","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5928784654","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61873181","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6723776895","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1653844963","https://openalex.org/W1844272693","https://openalex.org/W2052412319","https://openalex.org/W2098725211","https://openalex.org/W2099546294","https://openalex.org/W2132876794","https://openalex.org/W2151297119","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2764068583","https://openalex.org/W2770384163","https://openalex.org/W2792885690","https://openalex.org/W2797503983","https://openalex.org/W2811155326","https://openalex.org/W2926004035","https://openalex.org/W2944071464","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2982056594","https://openalex.org/W3004859010","https://openalex.org/W3013195849","https://openalex.org/W3018049579","https://openalex.org/W3031858395","https://openalex.org/W3080395176","https://openalex.org/W3082991148","https://openalex.org/W3106355052","https://openalex.org/W4229741913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3202969339","https://openalex.org/W4237513258","https://openalex.org/W2044053727","https://openalex.org/W1994410349","https://openalex.org/W3177028067","https://openalex.org/W1913385466","https://openalex.org/W4393876617","https://openalex.org/W2784881001","https://openalex.org/W2113126929","https://openalex.org/W139484227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Visual":[0],"evoked":[1],"potential":[2],"(VEP)-related":[3],"EEG":[4],"signals":[5,152],"have":[6],"attracted":[7],"widespread":[8],"attention":[9],"in":[10,70,76,153],"the":[11,22,34,73,81,85,100,111,128,138,164,177,182],"construction":[12],"of":[13,21,72,84,114,179,184],"brain-computer":[14],"interface":[15],"(BCI)":[16],"systems.":[17,187],"However,":[18],"long-term":[19],"use":[20],"BCI":[23,38,186],"system":[24],"is":[25,33],"prone":[26],"to":[27,36,61,148],"fatigue.":[28],"Effectively":[29],"coping":[30],"with":[31,163],"fatigue":[32,154,180],"key":[35],"expanding":[37],"application":[39],"scenarios.":[40],"In":[41,67],"this":[42,65],"brief,":[43],"we":[44,79],"conduct":[45],"two":[46,89],"VEP":[47,77,120,150,159],"experiments":[48],"and":[49,54,63,88,134,144,156,172],"propose":[50],"a":[51,170],"novel,":[52],"concise":[53],"practical":[55],"convolutional":[56],"neural":[57],"network":[58],"(CNN)":[59],"model":[60,130],"study":[62],"solve":[64],"problem.":[66],"detail,":[68],"firstly,":[69],"terms":[71],"stimulus":[74],"frequencies":[75],"experiments,":[78],"intercept":[80],"spectrum":[82,93],"sequences":[83,94],"fundamental":[86],"waves":[87],"harmonics.":[90],"All":[91,167],"these":[92,168],"are":[95,117],"then":[96],"paralleled":[97],"input":[98],"into":[99],"proposed":[101,129],"multi-harmonic":[102],"linkage":[103,112],"CNN":[104],"(MHLCNN)":[105],"model,":[106],"through":[107],"three":[108],"branches.":[109],"Finally,":[110],"characteristics":[113],"multiple":[115],"harmonics":[116],"combined":[118],"for":[119,175],"signal":[121],"classification.":[122],"The":[123],"experimental":[124],"results":[125],"demonstrate":[126],"that":[127],"shows":[131],"good":[132],"scalability,":[133],"can":[135],"respectively":[136],"improve":[137],"average":[139],"classification":[140],"accuracy":[141],"by":[142],"23.17%":[143],"15.85%":[145],"when":[146],"applied":[147],"steady-state":[149,157],"(SSVEP)":[151],"state":[155],"motion":[158],"(SSMVEP)":[160],"signals,":[161],"compared":[162],"benchmark":[165],"methods.":[166],"provide":[169],"feasible":[171],"high-quality":[173],"solution":[174],"reducing":[176],"impact":[178],"on":[181],"performance":[183],"VEP-based":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}