{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3137875326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","title":"A 50 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter With Feedforward Equalizer and Background Phase Error Calibration","display_name":"A 50 Gb/s PAM-4 Transmitter With Feedforward Equalizer and Background Phase Error Calibration","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3137875326","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","mag":"3137875326"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102775192","display_name":"Yu-Ting Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu-Ting Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3634-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046436085","display_name":"Ting-Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-6175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting-Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2421-6175","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042049354","display_name":"Wei\u2010Zen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-0754"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Zen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2840-0754","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59500573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"8","first_page":"2820","last_page":"2824"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11032","display_name":"VLSI and Analog Circuit Testing","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.7367780804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.595997154712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5179314017295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5102360248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46885189414024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4544936716556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4333900511264801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.33925381302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.25232863426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2401725947856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15829235315322876}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.7367780804634094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.595997154712677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5179314017295837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5102360248565674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46885189414024353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4544936716556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4333900511264801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33925381302833557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25232863426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2401725947856903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15829235315322876}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3068457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G591339916","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST-2218-E-009-031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322410","display_name":"MediaTek","ror":"https://ror.org/05g9jck81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592084739","https://openalex.org/W2088083354","https://openalex.org/W2110169479","https://openalex.org/W2136801359","https://openalex.org/W2137517734","https://openalex.org/W2180397609","https://openalex.org/W2594123976","https://openalex.org/W2594463058","https://openalex.org/W2736237444","https://openalex.org/W2759555985","https://openalex.org/W2898696738","https://openalex.org/W6672659195","https://openalex.org/W6734330904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2121182846","https://openalex.org/W2155789024","https://openalex.org/W2315668284","https://openalex.org/W3213608175","https://openalex.org/W2109491806","https://openalex.org/W3117675750","https://openalex.org/W2141743053","https://openalex.org/W2037276323","https://openalex.org/W3095633856","https://openalex.org/W2058044441"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,53,58,61,77,113,134],"design":[4],"of":[5,15],"a":[6,22,127],"fully":[7],"integrated,":[8],"50":[9,151],"Gb/s":[10,152],"PAM-4":[11],"transmitter,":[12],"which":[13,84],"consists":[14],"an":[16],"on-chip":[17,30],"pseudorandom":[18],"word":[19],"generator":[20],"(PRWG),":[21],"16:2":[23],"quarter-rate":[24],"serializer":[25],"with":[26],"4-tap":[27],"FFE,":[28],"and":[29,34,44,102,133],"duty-cycle":[31],"calibration":[32,38],"(DCC)":[33],"quadrature":[35],"phase":[36],"error":[37],"(QEC)":[39],"loops.":[40],"The":[41,90,105,121,144],"dual-loop":[42],"DCC":[43],"QEC":[45],"can":[46],"be":[47],"operated":[48],"concurrently":[49],"on-the-fly":[50],"to":[51,86],"suppress":[52],"deterministic":[54],"data":[55],"jitter.":[56],"Incorporating":[57],"proposed":[59],"technique,":[60],"eye":[62],"opening":[63],"is":[64,107,116,124,137],"improved":[65],"by":[66,118],"30":[67],"%.":[68],"To":[69],"facilitate":[70],"built-in-self-test":[71],"(BIST)":[72],"under":[73],"high":[74],"speed":[75],"operation,":[76],"PRWG":[78],"provides":[79],"16-path":[80],"parallel":[81],"test":[82],"patterns,":[83],"correspond":[85],"PRBS-13Q":[87],"after":[88],"serializer.":[89],"output":[91],"buffer":[92],"employs":[93],"inductive":[94],"shunt-series":[95],"peaking":[96],"for":[97],"broad":[98],"band":[99],"impedance":[100],"matching":[101],"bandwidth":[103,106],"enhancement.":[104],"extended":[108],"more":[109,119],"than":[110],"twice":[111],"while":[112],"return":[114],"loss":[115],"reduced":[117],"4dB.":[120],"experimental":[122],"prototype":[123],"fabricated":[125],"in":[126],"TSMC":[128],"28":[129],"nm":[130],"CMOS":[131],"process,":[132],"core":[135],"area":[136],"0.214":[138],"mm":[139],"<sup":[140],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[142],".":[143],"whole":[145],"transmitter":[146],"consumes":[147],"143.4":[148],"mW":[149],"at":[150],"operation.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}