{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3136783346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","title":"A 64.1mW Accurate Real-Time Visual Object Tracking Processor With Spatial Early Stopping on Siamese Network","display_name":"A 64.1mW Accurate Real-Time Visual Object Tracking Processor With Spatial Early Stopping on Siamese Network","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3136783346","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","mag":"3136783346"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350562","display_name":"Soyeon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-9191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soyeon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7049-9191","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748581","display_name":"Sangjin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-9973"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangjin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6665-9973","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100748588","display_name":"Sangyeob Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-5296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangyeob Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1783-5296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039062148","display_name":"Donghyeon Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-2072"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghyeon Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5212-2072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077896259","display_name":"Hoi\u2010Jun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hoi-Jun Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-4879","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70214397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"5","first_page":"1675","last_page":"1679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7292308211326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame-rate","display_name":"Frame rate","score":0.6217445731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.4846237599849701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4598655700683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.44419413805007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4324842095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.43163496255874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.4304489493370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.4271283447742462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4223059415817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-consumption","display_name":"Power consumption","score":0.422069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.4145488440990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2838537096977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.2023642361164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1401602029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.13585805892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11893495917320251}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7292308211326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3261483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q119565","display_name":"Frame rate","level":2,"score":0.6217445731163025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.4846237599849701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4598655700683594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.44419413805007935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4324842095375061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.43163496255874634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.4304489493370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.4271283447742462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4223059415817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984118289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29954","display_name":"Power consumption","level":3,"score":0.422069787979126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.4145488440990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2838537096977234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.2023642361164093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1401602029800415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.13585805892944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11893495917320251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2021.3067351","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2390934263","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019\u20130-01372","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322030","display_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","ror":"https://ror.org/032e49973"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335489","display_name":"Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion","ror":"https://ror.org/01g0hqq23"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510906150","https://openalex.org/W2158592639","https://openalex.org/W2604319603","https://openalex.org/W2618529757","https://openalex.org/W2760840257","https://openalex.org/W2886649975","https://openalex.org/W2902138814","https://openalex.org/W2906914105","https://openalex.org/W2945655181","https://openalex.org/W2956216476","https://openalex.org/W2962765354","https://openalex.org/W2963534981","https://openalex.org/W2965347706","https://openalex.org/W6757181449","https://openalex.org/W6762641446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3034529322","https://openalex.org/W2128523353","https://openalex.org/W2115913271","https://openalex.org/W2113597336","https://openalex.org/W2155505549","https://openalex.org/W2357479218","https://openalex.org/W1819546284","https://openalex.org/W2043253324","https://openalex.org/W4243132314","https://openalex.org/W2298526277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"low":[1,27],"power":[2,28,134,143,148],"real-time":[3,24,154],"visual":[4],"object":[5],"tracking":[6,147],"(VOT)":[7],"processor":[8,88,102,127,138],"using":[9],"the":[10,43,50,54,59,62,73,77,85,106,112,115,125],"siamese":[11],"network":[12],"(SiamNet)":[13],"is":[14,39,68,89],"proposed":[15,40,69,86,101,126,137],"for":[16,70,105,111],"mobile":[17,31,157],"devices.":[18,32,158],"Two":[19],"key":[20],"features":[21],"enable":[22],"a":[23],"VOT":[25,87,123,155],"with":[26,80,118],"consumption":[29,149],"on":[30,156],"First,":[33],"correlation-based":[34],"spatial":[35],"early":[36],"stopping":[37],"(CSES)":[38],"to":[41,121],"reduce":[42],"computational":[44],"workload.":[45],"CSES":[46],"reduces":[47],"~56.8%":[48],"of":[49,53],"overall":[51],"computation":[52],"SiamNet":[55],"by":[56],"gradually":[57],"eliminating":[58],"background.":[60],"Second,":[61],"dual":[63],"mode":[64],"reuse":[65],"core":[66,82],"(DMRC)":[67],"supporting":[71],"both":[72],"convolution":[74],"layer":[75,79],"and":[76,96,109,144],"cross-correlation":[78],"high":[81],"utilization.":[83],"Finally,":[84],"implemented":[90],"in":[91,114],"28":[92],"nm":[93],"CMOS":[94],"technology":[95],"occupies":[97],"0.42":[98],"mm2.":[99],"The":[100,136],"achieves":[103,139],"0.587":[104],"success":[107],"rate":[108],"0.778":[110],"precision":[113],"OTB-100":[116],"dataset":[117],"SiamRPN++-AlexNet.":[119],"Compared":[120],"previous":[122],"processors,":[124],"shows":[128],"state-of-the-art":[129],"performance":[130],"while":[131],"showing":[132],"lower":[133],"consumption.":[135],"64.1":[140],"mW":[141,146],"peak":[142],"58.2":[145],"at":[150],"32.1":[151],"frame-per-second":[152],"(fps)":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
