{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3116159286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","title":"An Energy-Efficient Haar Wavelet Transform Architecture for Respiratory Signal Processing","display_name":"An Energy-Efficient Haar Wavelet Transform Architecture for Respiratory Signal Processing","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3116159286","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","mag":"3116159286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041755258","display_name":"Morgana Macedo Azevedo da Rosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9582-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110676245","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/0376myh60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Morgana M. da Rosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060275476","display_name":"Henrique Seidel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3638-837X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110676245","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/0376myh60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrique B. Seidel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064318827","display_name":"Guilherme Paim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7809-9563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guilherme Paim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMICRO), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMICRO), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074598853","display_name":"Eduardo Costa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2731-8864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110676245","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/0376myh60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo A. C. da Costa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054295559","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-0929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110676245","display_name":"Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas","ror":"https://ror.org/0376myh60","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program on Electronics Engineering and Computing, Universidade Cat\u00f3lica de Pelotas (UCPel), Pelotas, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046426137","display_name":"S\u00e9rgio Bampi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9018-6309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130442723","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/041yk2d64","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Bampi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMICRO), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate Program in Microelectronics (PGMICRO), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130442723"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041755258"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110676245"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76580477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"2","first_page":"597","last_page":"601"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12419","display_name":"Phonocardiography and Auscultation Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11021","display_name":"ECG Monitoring and Analysis","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12418","display_name":"Respiratory and Cough-Related Research","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar","display_name":"Haar","score":0.6832120418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/haar-wavelet","display_name":"Haar wavelet","score":0.6697366237640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.57213294506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet-transform","display_name":"Wavelet transform","score":0.5439952611923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5130792856216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.48079055547714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vhdl","display_name":"VHDL","score":0.465471476316452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-wavelet-transform","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","score":0.4472443163394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4337238073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.35343998670578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.34859535098075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.30493196845054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2058689296245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18929731845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1638622283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.10869166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.06521129608154297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187029792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2179112","display_name":"Haar","level":3,"score":0.6832120418548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780423554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q766198","display_name":"Haar wavelet","level":5,"score":0.6697366237640381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.57213294506073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.5439952611923218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5130792856216431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.48079055547714233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36941000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209455","display_name":"VHDL","level":3,"score":0.465471476316452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46286280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414958","display_name":"Discrete wavelet transform","level":4,"score":0.4472443163394928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4337238073348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35343998670578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.34859535098075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.30493196845054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2058689296245575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18929731845855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1638622283935547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.10869166254997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.06521129608154297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3046919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322025","display_name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","ror":"https://ror.org/03swz6y49"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322502","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/05k49za97"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1974146515","https://openalex.org/W1980128308","https://openalex.org/W2101360284","https://openalex.org/W2116988482","https://openalex.org/W2147979895","https://openalex.org/W2154037838","https://openalex.org/W2163986376","https://openalex.org/W2340727816","https://openalex.org/W2422348358","https://openalex.org/W2557139718","https://openalex.org/W2604103606","https://openalex.org/W2611302529","https://openalex.org/W2896130366","https://openalex.org/W2900988821","https://openalex.org/W2904193962","https://openalex.org/W2912176114","https://openalex.org/W2950709924","https://openalex.org/W2976727818","https://openalex.org/W2991233789","https://openalex.org/W3006878863","https://openalex.org/W4407840008","https://openalex.org/W6717317895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4361795924","https://openalex.org/W984746159","https://openalex.org/W2766849256","https://openalex.org/W1523827626","https://openalex.org/W1999916501","https://openalex.org/W4232769230","https://openalex.org/W2377605153","https://openalex.org/W2100447037","https://openalex.org/W2366623948","https://openalex.org/W1749665274"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"proposes":[2],"an":[3],"energy-efficient":[4,83],"Haar":[5,17,49,84],"wavelet":[6],"transform":[7,21,34],"for":[8,23,51],"respiratory":[9,29],"signal":[10],"processing.":[11],"We":[12],"analyze":[13],"and":[14,45,64,82,95,115,120],"develop":[15],"a":[16,69],"level":[18],"5":[19],"(Haar-5)":[20],"architecture":[22,85,108,134],"separating":[24],"the":[25,52,106,126,147],"frequency":[26],"bands":[27],"of":[28,54,112,117,141,146],"signals.":[30],"The":[31,58],"fixed-point":[32],"Haar-5":[33],"herein":[35,129],"proposed":[36],"employs":[37,89],"multi-level":[38],"M":[39,42,46,91,97],"=":[40,43,47,92,98],"1,":[41],"2,":[44],"3":[48],"transforms":[50],"composition":[53],"five":[55],"resolution":[56],"levels.":[57],"architectures":[59,128],"were":[60],"described":[61],"in":[62,66],"VHDL":[63],"synthesized":[65],"hardware":[67,133],"targeting":[68],"65nm":[70],"CMOS":[71],"standard":[72],"cell":[73],"library.":[74],"Our":[75,131],"investigation":[76],"results":[77,103],"show":[78,104],"that":[79,105],"most":[80],"area-":[81],"(i.e.,":[86],"version":[87],"H-IV)":[88],"one":[90],"1":[93],"block":[94],"two":[96],"2":[99],"blocks.":[100],"Hardware":[101],"synthesis":[102],"H-IV":[107,132],"proposal":[109,135],"saves":[110],"38.19%":[111],"circuit":[113],"area":[114],"38.26%":[116],"power":[118],"dissipation":[119],"energy":[121,142],"per":[122],"operation,":[123],"compared":[124],"among":[125],"other":[127],"investigated.":[130],"shows":[136],"more":[137],"than":[138,144],"1150":[139],"times":[140],"reduction":[143],"state":[145],"art.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
