{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3111182157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","title":"A 0.52 <i>\u03bc</i>W, 38 nV/\u221aHz Chopper Amplifier With a Low-Noise DC Servo Loop, an Embedded Ripple Reduction Loop, and a Squeezed Inverter Stage","display_name":"A 0.52 <i>\u03bc</i>W, 38 nV/\u221aHz Chopper Amplifier With a Low-Noise DC Servo Loop, an Embedded Ripple Reduction Loop, and a Squeezed Inverter Stage","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3111182157","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","mag":"3111182157"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009585337","display_name":"Xuan Thanh Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-3220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuan Thanh Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9979-3220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008725921","display_name":"Van-Nhan Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-9425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Nhan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0321-9425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074140646","display_name":"Jie-Seok Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie-Seok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3420-1145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100702747","display_name":"Jong\u2010Wook Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35928602","display_name":"Kyung Hee University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zqcg218","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jong-Wook Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9160-2183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Information and Communication System-on-Chip Research Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35928602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.61,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65005564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"6","first_page":"1793","last_page":"1797"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chopper","display_name":"Chopper","score":0.7106920480728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-subscriber-line","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","score":0.6671188473701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ripple","display_name":"Ripple","score":0.6163555383682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5550541877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5537581443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/instrumentation-amplifier","display_name":"Instrumentation amplifier","score":0.5420277118682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5253973603248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.476214736700058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4288035035133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4112274646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.39456838369369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3231896162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2544850707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.23486632108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-amplifier","display_name":"Differential amplifier","score":0.16166529059410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11337995529174805}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780191706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191658","display_name":"Chopper","level":3,"score":0.7106920480728149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201374245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104534","display_name":"Digital subscriber line","level":2,"score":0.6671188473701477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779599953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1776117","display_name":"Ripple","level":3,"score":0.6163555383682251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5550541877746582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5537581443786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89123640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1523756","display_name":"Instrumentation amplifier","level":5,"score":0.5420277118682861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5253973603248596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.476214736700058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4288035035133362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4112274646759033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.39456838369369507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3231896162033081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2544850707054138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.23486632108688354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11722477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1056298","display_name":"Differential amplifier","level":4,"score":0.16166529059410095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11337995529174805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3045491","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7300000190734863,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4545665711","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020M3H2A1076786","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G459347016","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018R1A2A2A05018621","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003444784","https://openalex.org/W2108560657","https://openalex.org/W2109472370","https://openalex.org/W2119517556","https://openalex.org/W2177721770","https://openalex.org/W2396217863","https://openalex.org/W2513995350","https://openalex.org/W2582798323","https://openalex.org/W2758594094","https://openalex.org/W2801295417","https://openalex.org/W2805007705","https://openalex.org/W2964991849","https://openalex.org/W2995977659"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1622568043","https://openalex.org/W2056183469","https://openalex.org/W2055565857","https://openalex.org/W4230802329","https://openalex.org/W2151852566","https://openalex.org/W1649851888","https://openalex.org/W2131811287","https://openalex.org/W2532604939","https://openalex.org/W2034343960","https://openalex.org/W4390417293"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"realize":[1],"an":[2,68],"ultralow-power,":[3],"low-noise":[4,62],"amplifier":[5,58],"for":[6],"bio-potential":[7],"recording,":[8],"we":[9],"investigate":[10],"three":[11],"design":[12],"techniques.":[13],"The":[14,37,74,87,101,121,131,150,159,180,202],"first":[15],"technique":[16,76],"uses":[17],"a":[18,46,53,61,114,126,140,153,218,227],"noise-efficient":[19],"squeezed":[20],"inverter":[21],"(SQI)":[22],"stage":[23,43,108],"biased":[24],"at":[25],"the":[26,29,41,79,84,91,97,106,110,119,136,147,176,199],"supply":[27,48],"of":[28,39,83,156,205,224,232],"2V":[30],"<sub":[31,192],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[32,193],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[33,194],"DSAT</sub>":[34],"saturation":[35],"limit.":[36],"challenge":[38],"interfacing":[40],"SQI":[42],"with":[44,60,198],"such":[45],"low":[47],"is":[49,77,123,168,178,187,208],"addressed":[50],"by":[51,95,210],"proposing":[52],"new":[54],"capacitively-coupled":[55],"chopper":[56],"instrumentation":[57],"(CCIA)":[59],"DC":[63],"servo":[64],"loop":[65,72],"(L-DSL)":[66],"and":[67,112,189,197,226],"embedded":[69],"ripple":[70,115,154],"reduction":[71],"(E-RRL).":[73],"second":[75],"reducing":[78],"high":[80],"noise":[81,93,165,182,220],"contribution":[82],"conventional":[85],"DSL.":[86],"proposed":[88,102],"L-DSL":[89,137,177],"reduces":[90],"input-referred":[92],"(IRN)":[94],"removing":[96],"charge":[98],"dividing":[99],"effect.":[100],"E-RRL":[103,151],"inserted":[104],"inside":[105],"gain":[107,204],"cancels":[109],"offset":[111],"achieves":[113,152,161],"suppression":[116,155],"without":[117,196],"loading":[118],"output.":[120],"CCIA":[122,160],"implemented":[124],"using":[125],"0.18":[127],"\u03bcm":[128],"CMOS":[129],"process.":[130],"measured":[132],"results":[133,215],"show":[134],"that":[135],"successfully":[138],"creates":[139],"sub-Hz":[141],"high-pass":[142],"corner":[143],"needed":[144],"to":[145,171,217],"block":[146],"electrode":[148],"offset.":[149],"39":[157],"dB.":[158],"32":[162],"nV/":[163,173],"\u221aHz":[164,174],"density,":[166],"which":[167],"slightly":[169],"increased":[170],"38":[172],"when":[175],"enabled.":[179],"integrated":[181],"over":[183],"800":[184],"Hz":[185],"bandwidth":[186],"0.9":[188],"1.1":[190],"\u03bcV":[191],"rms</sub>":[195],"L-DSL,":[200],"respectively.":[201],"mid-band":[203],"39.6":[206],"dB":[207],"achieved":[209],"consuming":[211],"0.52":[212],"\u03bcW.":[213],"These":[214],"correspond":[216],"favorable":[219],"efficiency":[221,229],"factor":[222,230],"(NEF)":[223],"2.1":[225],"power":[228],"(PEF)":[231],"1.2.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
