{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3109556898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","title":"STT-MRAM Sensing: A Review","display_name":"STT-MRAM Sensing: A Review","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3109556898","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","mag":"3109556898"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089907396","display_name":"Taehui Na","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taehui Na","raw_affiliation_strings":["Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-0625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103061707","display_name":"Seung H. Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-9918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seung H. Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Corporate Research and Development, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4270-9918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Corporate Research and Development, Qualcomm Technologies Inc., San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037010076","display_name":"Seong\u2010Ook Jung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seong-Ook Jung","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-2581","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9724685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"18"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10049","display_name":"Magnetic properties of thin films","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetoresistive-random-access-memory","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","score":0.9310151934623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6369496583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.6267189383506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-transfer-torque","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","score":0.5101097226142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.48158812522888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.45482707023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4339786767959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-access-memory","display_name":"Random access memory","score":0.3676047623157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.35284197330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.31553205847740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2321946918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2255537211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.11506548523902893}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46891859","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061546","display_name":"Magnetoresistive random-access memory","level":3,"score":0.9310151934623718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6369496583938599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6267189383506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C609986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844840","display_name":"Spin-transfer torque","level":4,"score":0.5101097226142883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.48158812522888184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45482707023620605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4339786767959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994168587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5295","display_name":"Random access memory","level":2,"score":0.3676047623157501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.35284197330474854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.31553205847740173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2321946918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2255537211894989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11506548523902893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3040425","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G311998237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020R1F1A1060395","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W996077520","https://openalex.org/W1534052597","https://openalex.org/W1555405436","https://openalex.org/W1572874636","https://openalex.org/W1630879657","https://openalex.org/W1666744401","https://openalex.org/W1901149441","https://openalex.org/W1963552944","https://openalex.org/W1966058111","https://openalex.org/W1967035245","https://openalex.org/W1979979239","https://openalex.org/W1984842310","https://openalex.org/W1990313455","https://openalex.org/W1996356878","https://openalex.org/W1997147166","https://openalex.org/W1998416174","https://openalex.org/W2000818868","https://openalex.org/W2003390915","https://openalex.org/W2006880809","https://openalex.org/W2008904077","https://openalex.org/W2015446620","https://openalex.org/W2034593071","https://openalex.org/W2035257891","https://openalex.org/W2054420235","https://openalex.org/W2056511998","https://openalex.org/W2057386187","https://openalex.org/W2059717651","https://openalex.org/W2065991180","https://openalex.org/W2069795715","https://openalex.org/W2074628056","https://openalex.org/W2075278406","https://openalex.org/W2082960646","https://openalex.org/W2084486220","https://openalex.org/W2090387815","https://openalex.org/W2091773052","https://openalex.org/W2095913060","https://openalex.org/W2096445739","https://openalex.org/W2101328080","https://openalex.org/W2101575856","https://openalex.org/W2102209351","https://openalex.org/W2105034100","https://openalex.org/W2114810610","https://openalex.org/W2120699192","https://openalex.org/W2129362240","https://openalex.org/W2130282462","https://openalex.org/W2130436742","https://openalex.org/W2140392630","https://openalex.org/W2141274564","https://openalex.org/W2141626281","https://openalex.org/W2142897663","https://openalex.org/W2156728623","https://openalex.org/W2159904000","https://openalex.org/W2162020806","https://openalex.org/W2174116549","https://openalex.org/W2292149669","https://openalex.org/W2303722505","https://openalex.org/W2323614752","https://openalex.org/W2327150258","https://openalex.org/W2328430807","https://openalex.org/W2329608471","https://openalex.org/W2342983891","https://openalex.org/W2404559947","https://openalex.org/W2481160952","https://openalex.org/W2516726318","https://openalex.org/W2525037638","https://openalex.org/W2525437650","https://openalex.org/W2533706950","https://openalex.org/W2539008933","https://openalex.org/W2543205889","https://openalex.org/W2584580867","https://openalex.org/W2584875058","https://openalex.org/W2585010444","https://openalex.org/W2594135538","https://openalex.org/W2624816601","https://openalex.org/W2787122485","https://openalex.org/W2895842071","https://openalex.org/W2899007554","https://openalex.org/W2909308379","https://openalex.org/W2922523256","https://openalex.org/W2963909880","https://openalex.org/W3016147292","https://openalex.org/W3026827369","https://openalex.org/W3042486545","https://openalex.org/W3082007433","https://openalex.org/W4236687529","https://openalex.org/W6659307720","https://openalex.org/W6669260159","https://openalex.org/W6683132901","https://openalex.org/W6684149499","https://openalex.org/W6755884247","https://openalex.org/W6761042657"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388285079","https://openalex.org/W2546997659","https://openalex.org/W2733919783","https://openalex.org/W2425808153","https://openalex.org/W4281561022","https://openalex.org/W2404332818","https://openalex.org/W2626022094","https://openalex.org/W4235980920","https://openalex.org/W4387872710","https://openalex.org/W2342993049"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,65],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,21,85],"review":[4,66],"of":[5,73],"developments":[6],"in":[7,76],"spin-transfer-torque":[8],"magnetoresistive":[9],"random":[10],"access":[11],"memory":[12],"(STT-MRAM)":[13],"sensing":[14,26,75],"over":[15],"the":[16,34,46],"past":[17],"20":[18],"years":[19],"from":[20],"circuit":[22],"design":[23],"perspective.":[24],"Various":[25],"schemes":[27],"are":[28,63],"categorized":[29],"and":[30,39,59],"described":[31],"according":[32],"to":[33,69],"data-cell":[35],"variation-tolerant":[36],"characteristics,":[37],"pre-amplifiers,":[38],"offset":[40],"tolerance.":[41],"Key":[42],"breakthroughs":[43],"for":[44],"achieving":[45],"optimal":[47],"reference":[48],"scheme,":[49],"read":[50,53],"disturbance":[51],"prevention,":[52],"energy":[54],"reduction,":[55],"accurate":[56],"yield":[57],"estimation,":[58],"overcoming":[60],"other":[61],"non-idealities":[62],"discussed.":[64],"is":[67],"intended":[68],"facilitate":[70],"further":[71],"enhancement":[72],"STT-MRAM":[74],"advanced":[77],"technology":[78],"nodes,":[79],"thereby":[80],"fulfilling":[81],"STT-MRAM's":[82],"potential":[83],"as":[84],"universal":[86],"memory.":[87]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}