{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094371818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","title":"A Robust, High-Speed and Energy-Efficient Ultralow-Voltage Level Shifter","display_name":"A Robust, High-Speed and Energy-Efficient Ultralow-Voltage Level Shifter","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-10-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094371818","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","mag":"3094371818"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/189168","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027207316","display_name":"Luigi Fassio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6080-4444"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Fassio","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045959581","display_name":"Francesco Settino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Settino","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021091015","display_name":"Longyang Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4702-737X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Longyang Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002197998","display_name":"Raffaele De Rose","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-1721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raffaele De Rose","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016654766","display_name":"Marco Lanuzza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6480-9218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Lanuzza","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086668405","display_name":"Felice Crupi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-6621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felice Crupi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052037141","display_name":"Massimo Alioto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-8258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Alioto","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027207316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6577,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84327733,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"68","issue":"4","first_page":"1393","last_page":"1397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmos-logic","display_name":"NMOS logic","score":0.8426072001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pmos-logic","display_name":"PMOS logic","score":0.8279117345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-level","display_name":"Logic level","score":0.6310631036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.5842846035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5620102882385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.530598521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5097405314445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.5094249844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diode","display_name":"Diode","score":0.4522942304611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.39227384328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.38422733545303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3784153461456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.3616557717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33715665340423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.27051541209220886}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197162436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83908","display_name":"NMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.8426072001457214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27050352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173605","display_name":"PMOS logic","level":4,"score":0.8279117345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146569638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173378","display_name":"Logic level","level":3,"score":0.6310631036758423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5842846035957336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5620102882385254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.530598521232605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5097405314445496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.5094249844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78434282","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11656","display_name":"Diode","level":2,"score":0.4522942304611206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39227384328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38422733545303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3784153461456299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.3616557717323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33715665340423584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.27051541209220886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.3033253","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/189168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/189168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarbank.nus.edu.sg:10635/189168","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/189168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407052290","display_name":"National University of Singapore","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5557651020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-CRP20-2017-0003 CogniVision","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977946474","https://openalex.org/W2082007216","https://openalex.org/W2114898850","https://openalex.org/W2160130898","https://openalex.org/W2163835931","https://openalex.org/W2310088122","https://openalex.org/W2330856862","https://openalex.org/W2404821863","https://openalex.org/W2555286280","https://openalex.org/W2564046907","https://openalex.org/W2604184726","https://openalex.org/W2789272543","https://openalex.org/W2795076234","https://openalex.org/W2892708117","https://openalex.org/W2942886067","https://openalex.org/W2998920371"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386261925","https://openalex.org/W2048420745","https://openalex.org/W2082944690","https://openalex.org/W2263373136","https://openalex.org/W1914349328","https://openalex.org/W1811213809","https://openalex.org/W2160067645","https://openalex.org/W2023334077","https://openalex.org/W2006330903","https://openalex.org/W2126218897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,116],"brief":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,35,86,90,129],"robust":[4],"level":[5,75],"shifter":[6,76],"design":[7],"able":[8],"to":[9,22,50,79,95],"convert":[10],"input":[11,93],"voltages":[12],"from":[13,89],"the":[14,23,52,70,73],"deep":[15],"sub-threshold":[16],"regime":[17],"(about":[18],"100":[19],"mV)":[20],"up":[21],"nominal":[24],"supply":[25],"voltage":[26,87],"(1.8":[27],"V).":[28],"The":[29,82],"proposed":[30,74,83],"circuit":[31,84],"is":[32,117],"based":[33],"on":[34],"self-biased":[36],"low-voltage":[37],"cascode":[38],"current":[39],"mirror":[40],"(CM)":[41],"topology":[42],"that":[43],"features":[44],"diode-connected":[45],"PMOS":[46],"and":[47,106],"NMOS":[48],"transistors":[49],"drive":[51],"split-input":[53],"inverting":[54],"buffer":[55],"used":[56],"as":[57,77],"output":[58],"stage":[59],"with":[60,98],"high":[61],"energy":[62,109],"efficiency.":[63],"Experimental":[64],"results":[65],"across":[66],"corner":[67],"wafers":[68],"demonstrate":[69],"effectiveness":[71],"of":[72,103,112,122],"compared":[78],"prior":[80],"art.":[81],"allows":[85],"up-conversion":[88],"0.4-V":[91],"100-kHz":[92],"pulse":[94],"1.8":[96],"V":[97],"an":[99,107,120],"average":[100,108],"switching":[101],"delay":[102],"7.6":[104],"ns":[105],"per":[110],"transition":[111],"only":[113],"69":[114],"fJ.":[115],"achieved":[118],"at":[119],"area":[121],"82":[123],"\u03bc\\textm":[124],"<sup":[125],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[126],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[127],"for":[128],"standard":[130],"cell-based":[131],"design.":[132]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}