{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3003075284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","title":"Low-Energy and Fast Spiking Neural Network For Context-Dependent Learning on FPGA","display_name":"Low-Energy and Fast Spiking Neural Network For Context-Dependent Learning on FPGA","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3003075284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","mag":"3003075284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031649202","display_name":"Hajar Asgari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-3722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["CH","IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hajar Asgari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Institute of Neuroinformatics, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-3722","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080707256","display_name":"Babak Mazloom\u2010Nezhad Maybodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I48379061","display_name":"Shahid Beheshti University","ror":"https://ror.org/0091vmj44","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Mazloom-Nezhad Maybodi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-0838","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I48379061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025696765","display_name":"Melika Payvand","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-067X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12708293","display_name":"SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics","ror":"https://ror.org/002n09z45","country_code":"CH","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","display_name":"University of Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/02crff812","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35440088","display_name":"ETH Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/05a28rw58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I35440088"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melika Payvand","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","Institute of Neuroinformatics, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5400-067X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETH Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35440088"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Neuroinformatics, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12708293"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009413337","display_name":"Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-3985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","display_name":"James Cook University","ror":"https://ror.org/04gsp2c11","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Rahimi Azghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-3985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1388,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7572155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"11","first_page":"2697","last_page":"2701"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuromorphic-engineering","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","score":0.8692876100540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7705293893814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7412875294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.6553450226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.6105654835700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spiking-neural-network","display_name":"Spiking neural network","score":0.5820897817611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5243273377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5225058197975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spike-timing-dependent-plasticity","display_name":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity","score":0.5028042793273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4732414186000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.47322309017181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.45608091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3516760468482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.21519175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-plasticity","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","score":0.0963977575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07460349798202515}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151927369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1981312","display_name":"Neuromorphic engineering","level":3,"score":0.8692876100540161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7705293893814087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7412875294685364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.6553450226783752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.6105654835700989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11731999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9067355","display_name":"Spiking neural network","level":3,"score":0.5820897817611694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5243273377418518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5225058197975159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159919123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7577157","display_name":"Spike-timing-dependent plasticity","level":4,"score":0.5028042793273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4732414186000824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.47322309017181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.45608091354370117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3516760468482971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.21519175171852112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98229152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1551556","display_name":"Synaptic plasticity","level":3,"score":0.0963977575302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07460349798202515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchonline.jcu.edu.au:62458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400519","display_name":"ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I86467917","host_organization_name":"James Cook University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86467917"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.zora.uzh.ch:200375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.zora.uzh.ch/200375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401281","display_name":"Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I202697423","host_organization_name":"University of Zurich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I202697423"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Asgari, Hajar; Maybodi, Babak Mazloom-Nezhad; Payvand, Melika; Azghadi, Mostafa Rahimi (2020). Low-Energy and Fast Spiking Neural Network For Context-Dependent Learning on FPGA. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems. Part 2: Express Briefs, 67(11):2697-2701.","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W345956458","https://openalex.org/W1604973310","https://openalex.org/W1975398991","https://openalex.org/W2049391753","https://openalex.org/W2058390599","https://openalex.org/W2073778714","https://openalex.org/W2088192327","https://openalex.org/W2130375252","https://openalex.org/W2139370538","https://openalex.org/W2157239334","https://openalex.org/W2263410234","https://openalex.org/W2571808120","https://openalex.org/W2735562682","https://openalex.org/W2749476078","https://openalex.org/W2783525259","https://openalex.org/W2904922094","https://openalex.org/W2907516714","https://openalex.org/W2952797434","https://openalex.org/W3099544558","https://openalex.org/W4238614602","https://openalex.org/W6679231084"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3089892344","https://openalex.org/W4386227293","https://openalex.org/W4313442939","https://openalex.org/W4372267706","https://openalex.org/W2885510266","https://openalex.org/W2960220682","https://openalex.org/W4288055417","https://openalex.org/W4287758233","https://openalex.org/W4205804651","https://openalex.org/W3023142506"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supervised,":[0],"unsupervised,":[1],"and":[2,123,140,163,203],"reinforcement":[3,69],"learning":[4,13,25,70,108,155,175,186,208],"(RL)":[5],"mechanisms":[6],"are":[7],"known":[8],"as":[9],"the":[10,30,58,62,77,145,151,168],"most":[11],"powerful":[12,73],"paradigms":[14],"empowering":[15],"neuromorphic":[16,170],"systems.":[17],"These":[18],"systems":[19],"typically":[20],"take":[21],"advantage":[22],"of":[23,32,117,153],"unsupervised":[24],"because":[26],"they":[27],"can":[28,148],"learn":[29],"distribution":[31],"sensory":[33,47],"information.":[34],"However,":[35],"to":[36,45,54,91,167],"perform":[37],"a":[38,81,93,97,109,132,154,197],"task,":[39],"not":[40],"only":[41],"is":[42,52,64,71,90,115,196],"it":[43,51],"important":[44],"have":[46,55],"information,":[48],"but":[49],"also":[50],"required":[53],"information":[56],"about":[57],"context":[59],"in":[60,159,200],"which":[61,184],"system":[63],"operating.":[65],"In":[66],"this":[67,88],"sense,":[68],"very":[72],"for":[74,87,96,107],"interacting":[75],"with":[76,103,173,206],"environment":[78],"while":[79,189],"performing":[80],"context-dependent":[82,110,174,207],"task.":[83,111],"The":[84,112],"predominant":[85],"motivation":[86],"brief":[89],"present":[92],"digital":[94],"architecture":[95,114],"spiking":[98],"neural":[99],"network":[100],"(SNN)":[101],"model":[102],"RL":[104],"capability":[105],"suitable":[106],"proposed":[113],"composed":[116],"hardware-friendly":[118],"leaky":[119],"integrate-and-firing":[120],"(LIF)":[121],"neurons":[122],"spike":[124],"timing":[125],"dependent":[126],"plasticity":[127],"(STDP)-based":[128],"synapses":[129],"implemented":[130],"on":[131,210],"field":[133],"programmable":[134],"gate":[135],"array":[136],"(FPGA).":[137],"Hardware":[138],"synthesis":[139],"physical":[141],"implementations":[142],"show":[143],"that":[144],"resulting":[146],"circuits":[147,172],"faithfully":[149],"reproduce":[150],"outcome":[152],"task":[156],"previously":[157],"performed":[158],"both":[160],"animal":[161],"experimentation":[162],"computational":[164],"modelings.":[165],"Compared":[166],"state-of-the-art":[169],"FPGA":[171],"capability,":[176],"our":[177],"circuit":[178],"fires":[179],"10.7":[180],"times":[181,192],"fewer":[182],"spikes,":[183],"accelerates":[185],"15":[187],"times,":[188],"requiring":[190],"16":[191],"less":[193],"energy.":[194],"This":[195],"significant":[198],"step":[199],"achieving":[201],"fast":[202],"low-energy":[204],"SNNs":[205],"ability":[209],"FPGAs.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-19T07:52:34.831488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}