{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2982606275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","title":"0.6\u20131.2 V, 0.22 pJ/bit True Random Number Generator Based on SAR ADC","display_name":"0.6\u20131.2 V, 0.22 pJ/bit True Random Number Generator Based on SAR ADC","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2982606275","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","mag":"2982606275"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086745874","display_name":"Akshay Jayaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-6347"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akshay Jayaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-6347","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019760871","display_name":"Nimish Nitin Gujarathi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nimish Nitin Gujarathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070980517","display_name":"Illakiya Venkatesh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-119X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Illakiya Venkatesh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3959-119X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005496543","display_name":"Arindam Sanyal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-6291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63190737","display_name":"University at Buffalo, State University of New York","ror":"https://ror.org/01y64my43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arindam Sanyal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4045-6291","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63190737"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.467,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65291432,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"10","first_page":"1765","last_page":"1769"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9886999726295471,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/successive-approximation-adc","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","score":0.6190458536148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit","display_name":"Bit (key)","score":0.5495749711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4629465341567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.43410491943359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-number-generation","display_name":"Random number generation","score":0.41637295484542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39479711651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.38668903708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2972947955131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.24150493741035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.1015106737613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.08604073524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08059561252593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.06645968556404114}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60154766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2650458","display_name":"Successive approximation ADC","level":4,"score":0.6190458536148071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117011727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1278488","display_name":"Bit (key)","level":2,"score":0.5495749711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4629465341567993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.43410491943359375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.41637295484542847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39479711651802063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.38668903708457947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2972947955131531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.24150493741035461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.1015106737613678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.08604073524475098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08059561252593994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.06645968556404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2949775","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1640330043","https://openalex.org/W1990478559","https://openalex.org/W2092798673","https://openalex.org/W2095089117","https://openalex.org/W2113158626","https://openalex.org/W2177571745","https://openalex.org/W2318869941","https://openalex.org/W2401371495","https://openalex.org/W2594309104","https://openalex.org/W2610291885","https://openalex.org/W2898748682","https://openalex.org/W2898782216","https://openalex.org/W3151438815"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2411923897","https://openalex.org/W4285347720","https://openalex.org/W4200259850","https://openalex.org/W2333831899","https://openalex.org/W2484894494","https://openalex.org/W2367385042","https://openalex.org/W4381186982","https://openalex.org/W2040781570","https://openalex.org/W4226055750","https://openalex.org/W2147043760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,10,40,61,81],"true-random":[4],"number":[5],"generator":[6],"(TRNG)":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"successive":[11],"approximation":[12],"register":[13],"(SAR)":[14],"analog-to-digital":[15],"converter":[16],"(ADC).":[17],"After":[18],"the":[19,25,32,51],"SAR":[20],"ADC":[21],"has":[22],"finished":[23],"conversion,":[24],"comparator":[26],"is":[27],"fired":[28],"again":[29],"to":[30,69],"quantize":[31],"residue.":[33],"The":[34,78],"1-bit":[35],"quantized":[36],"residue":[37],"acts":[38,59],"as":[39,60],"true":[41],"random":[42,82],"sequence":[43,83],"and":[44,67,86],"no":[45],"additional":[46],"circuits":[47],"are":[48],"required":[49],"for":[50],"TRNG.":[52],"A":[53],"prototype":[54],"fabricated":[55],"in":[56],"65nm":[57],"process":[58],"TRNG":[62,79],"over":[63],"0.6V-1.2V":[64],"power":[65],"supply":[66],"-5\u00b0C":[68],"50\u00b0C":[70],"temperature":[71],"range":[72],"without":[73],"any":[74],"calibration":[75],"or":[76],"post-processing.":[77],"outputs":[80],"at":[84],"1.25Mbps":[85],"consumes":[87],"state-of-the-art":[88],"energy":[89],"of":[90],"0.22pJ/bit.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
