{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2962497612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","title":"A Second-Order $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Time-to-Digital Converter Using Highly Digital Time-Domain Arithmetic Circuits","display_name":"A Second-Order $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Time-to-Digital Converter Using Highly Digital Time-Domain Arithmetic Circuits","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2962497612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","mag":"2962497612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101821222","display_name":"Dongin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1189-6055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101643986","display_name":"Kwang-Seok Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-7629"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kwangseok Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040200153","display_name":"Wonsik Yu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wonsik Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040917581","display_name":"SeongHwan Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-2694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157485424","display_name":"Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05apxxy63","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seonghwan Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7938-2694","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157485424"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71839259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"66","issue":"10","first_page":"1643","last_page":"1647"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.6697973608970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adder","display_name":"Adder","score":0.6378346085548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6006072759628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subtractor","display_name":"Subtractor","score":0.5772186517715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.5751867890357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integrator","display_name":"Integrator","score":0.5744014978408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5598238110542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5476734042167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-electronics","display_name":"Digital electronics","score":0.5112485885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5014820098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-to-digital-converter","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","score":0.4976330101490021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.3606260418891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.2646661400794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.24248740077018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22894829511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.175696462392807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10867160558700562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.6697973608970642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164620267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376953","display_name":"Adder","level":3,"score":0.6378346085548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6006072759628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187805909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142401","display_name":"Subtractor","level":4,"score":0.5772186517715454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.5751867890357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.5744014978408813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5598238110542297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5476734042167664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81843906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173156","display_name":"Digital electronics","level":3,"score":0.5112485885620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5014820098876953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99594498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434524","display_name":"Time-to-digital converter","level":4,"score":0.4976330101490021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.3606260418891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2646661400794983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.24248740077018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22894829511642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.175696462392807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10867160558700562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2019.2925860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7099999785423279,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1050315043","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2016M3A7B4910637","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6869998799","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2015R1A5A1036133","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322202","display_name":"IC Design Education Center","ror":"https://ror.org/005v57z85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979778078","https://openalex.org/W1993597884","https://openalex.org/W2089557579","https://openalex.org/W2112731410","https://openalex.org/W2133717908","https://openalex.org/W2134713152","https://openalex.org/W2164828660","https://openalex.org/W2166268103","https://openalex.org/W2397557477","https://openalex.org/W2519022190","https://openalex.org/W2727645749","https://openalex.org/W2896178319","https://openalex.org/W6645225886","https://openalex.org/W6684221834"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390550886","https://openalex.org/W2541509322","https://openalex.org/W2959321197","https://openalex.org/W4206835326","https://openalex.org/W2782079150","https://openalex.org/W56589247","https://openalex.org/W2213903980","https://openalex.org/W2767671766","https://openalex.org/W3037505396","https://openalex.org/W2129868416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"brief,":[2],"time-domain":[3,21,33],"arithmetic":[4,34],"circuits,":[5,35],"such":[6],"as":[7],"time":[8,10,13],"adder,":[9],"subtractor,":[11],"and":[12,25],"integrator,":[14],"are":[15,23,28],"proposed.":[16],"The":[17,50],"concept":[18],"of":[19,56],"these":[20],"circuits":[22],"explained":[24],"their":[26],"non-idealities":[27],"analyzed.":[29],"Using":[30],"the":[31],"proposed":[32],"a":[36,44],"prototype":[37],"second-order":[38],"\u0394\u03a3-time-to-digital":[39],"converter":[40],"is":[41],"implemented":[42],"in":[43,59],"65":[45],"nm":[46],"standard":[47],"CMOS":[48],"process.":[49],"fabricated":[51],"chip":[52],"achieves":[53],"1.44":[54],"psrms":[55],"integrated":[57],"noise":[58],"1-MHz":[60],"bandwidth":[61],"while":[62],"consuming":[63],"3.5":[64],"mW":[65],"at":[66],"50":[67],"MS/s.":[68]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
