{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2766436573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","title":"Data-Driven Intelligent Efficient Synaptic Storage for Deep Learning","display_name":"Data-Driven Intelligent Efficient Synaptic Storage for Deep Learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2766436573","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","mag":"2766436573"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025175120","display_name":"Jonathon Edstrom","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jonathon Edstrom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112406809","display_name":"Yifu Gong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifu Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100687770","display_name":"Dongliang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-1270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5619-1270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043189989","display_name":"Jinhui Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4731-8481","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069728349","display_name":"Na Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-7436"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57328836","display_name":"North Dakota State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05h1bnb22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3297-7436","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025175120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57328836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7306,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74096231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"12","first_page":"1412","last_page":"1416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7776923179626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6145923733711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5913787484169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5376452207565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.5223204493522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5129439234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/big-data","display_name":"Big data","score":0.4906727075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.4840368628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4824419617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.34593361616134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3316395580768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.16253447532653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11072006821632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10533320903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.08901500701904297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7776923179626465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6145923733711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5913787484169006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5376452207565308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.5223204493522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5129439234733582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.4906727075576782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4840368628501892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4824419617652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.34593361616134644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3316395580768585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.16253447532653809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11072006821632385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10533320903778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.08901500701904297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2767900","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4793400639","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1628961","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6281343709","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-1514780","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","funder_display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337387","display_name":"Division of Computing and Communication Foundations","ror":"https://ror.org/01mng8331"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1593348080","https://openalex.org/W2152839228","https://openalex.org/W2166559705","https://openalex.org/W2289567715","https://openalex.org/W2460553511","https://openalex.org/W2553228585","https://openalex.org/W2557355796","https://openalex.org/W6730248441"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4392590355","https://openalex.org/W4390608645","https://openalex.org/W4405901645","https://openalex.org/W4394895745","https://openalex.org/W4247566972","https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2960264696","https://openalex.org/W3090563135","https://openalex.org/W2497432351","https://openalex.org/W2212894501"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,38,58,73,78,107],"availability":[2],"of":[3,29,35,41,110],"big":[4],"data":[5,70,80,111],"and":[6,22,31,48,53,61,77,101,137,147],"advanced":[7],"hardware":[8,39,74,86],"technologies,":[9],"deep":[10,42,114],"learning":[11,43,115],"has":[12],"been":[13],"applied":[14],"in":[15,113,152],"different":[16],"applications,":[17],"such":[18],"as":[19],"self-driving":[20],"cars":[21],"face":[23],"recognition.":[24],"While":[25],"considering":[26],"various":[27],"sources":[28],"uncertainty":[30],"balancing":[32],"multiple":[33],"objectives":[34],"a":[36,84,90],"system,":[37],"implementation":[40,144],"needs":[44],"continuous":[45],"model":[46],"updating":[47],"intensive":[49],"synaptic":[50,127],"weight":[51],"storage,":[52],"SRAM":[54,128],"is":[55,129],"critical":[56],"for":[57],"overall":[59],"performance":[60],"energy":[62,98],"efficiency.":[63],"In":[64],"this":[65],"brief,":[66],"we":[67],"introduce":[68],"offline":[69],"mining":[71],"to":[72],"design":[75,87],"process,":[76],"discovered":[79],"knowledge":[81],"combined":[82],"with":[83,94,142],"data-driven":[85],"technique":[88],"enables":[89,132],"more":[91],"intelligent":[92],"memory":[93],"better":[95],"tradeoff":[96],"between":[97],"efficiency,":[99],"cost,":[100],"classification":[102,153],"accuracy,":[103],"thereby":[104],"helping":[105],"relieve":[106],"huge":[108],"burden":[109],"storage":[112],"systems.":[116],"A":[117],"45":[118],"nm":[119],"64":[120],"kbits":[121],"(256":[122],"words":[123],"\u00d7":[124],"256":[125],"bits)":[126],"presented":[130],"that":[131],"45.6%":[133],"active":[134],"power":[135,140],"saving":[136],"83.2%":[138],"leakage":[139],"saving,":[141],"low":[143],"cost":[145],"(3.17%)":[146],"less":[148],"than":[149],"1%":[150],"degradation":[151],"accuracy.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
