{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2765218270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","title":"An All-Digital PWM Transmitter With Enhanced Phase Resolution","display_name":"An All-Digital PWM Transmitter With Enhanced Phase Resolution","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-10-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2765218270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","mag":"2765218270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068305222","display_name":"Muhammad Touqir Pasha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-0975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Touqir Pasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0624-0975","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057893822","display_name":"Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-5033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fahim Ul Haque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5365-5033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109444911","display_name":"Jahanzeb Ahmad","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343180700","display_name":"Intel (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ek73717","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jahanzeb Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Programmable Solutions Group, Intel Corporation, High Wycombe, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Programmable Solutions Group, Intel Corporation, High Wycombe, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343180700"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049768479","display_name":"Ted Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-5640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3151-5640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Integrated Circuits and Systems, Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4224,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65286302,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"11","first_page":"1634","last_page":"1638"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.9177630543708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.7266084551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4563906192779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter-power-output","display_name":"Transmitter power output","score":0.4464940130710602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.42877429723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4083751440048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3957180678844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38689669966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2425367832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23371270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.23257729411125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16316217184066772}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.9177630543708801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.7266084551811218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4563906192779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.4464940130710602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42877429723739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4083751440048218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3957180678844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38689669966697693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2425367832183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23371270298957825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.23257729411125183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16316217184066772}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2766099","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93916849","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits & Systems II Express Briefs","issn_l":"1549-7747","issn":["1549-7747","1558-3791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1902359088","https://openalex.org/W2010936677","https://openalex.org/W2014401340","https://openalex.org/W2021455731","https://openalex.org/W2039679363","https://openalex.org/W2071884137","https://openalex.org/W2084174301","https://openalex.org/W2115452265","https://openalex.org/W2144620566","https://openalex.org/W2145849786","https://openalex.org/W2152008788","https://openalex.org/W2163330071","https://openalex.org/W2169249318","https://openalex.org/W2527667661","https://openalex.org/W6655803428","https://openalex.org/W6682104540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59120657","https://openalex.org/W3091795725","https://openalex.org/W1531121096","https://openalex.org/W2384509413","https://openalex.org/W2995861515","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W2325128397","https://openalex.org/W2121601714","https://openalex.org/W2139615693","https://openalex.org/W2512536427"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"all-digital":[1,75],"pulse":[2],"width":[3],"modulated":[4],"(PWM)":[5],"transmitter":[6,12,33,85],"using":[7,41],"outphasing":[8,20],"is":[9,34,63,86],"proposed.":[10],"The":[11,36],"uses":[13],"PWM":[14,77],"to":[15,66,73],"encode":[16],"the":[17,28,32,56,67,79,91,117],"amplitude,":[18],"and":[19,45,90],"for":[21,83,102,109],"enhanced":[22,68],"phase":[23,29,69],"control.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"way,":[27],"resolution":[30],"of":[31,99,113,121],"doubled.":[35],"proposed":[37,84],"scheme":[38],"was":[39],"implemented":[40],"Stratix":[42],"IV":[43],"FGPA":[44],"class-D":[46],"PAs":[47],"fabricated":[48],"in":[49],"a":[50,59,103,110],"130":[51],"nm":[52],"standard":[53],"CMOS.":[54],"From":[55],"measurement":[57],"results,":[58],"spectral":[60],"performance":[61],"improvement":[62,98],"observed":[64],"due":[65],"resolution.":[70],"As":[71],"compared":[72],"an":[74,97],"polar":[76],"transmitter,":[78],"error":[80],"vector":[81],"magnitude":[82],"reduced":[87],"by":[88],"4.1%":[89],"adjacent":[92],"channel":[93],"leakage":[94],"ratio":[95],"shows":[96],"5.6":[100],"dB":[101],"1.4":[104],"MHz":[105,115],"LTE":[106],"up-link":[107],"signal":[108],"carrier":[111],"frequency":[112],"700":[114],"at":[116],"saturated":[118],"output":[119],"power":[120],"25":[122],"dBm.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}